CVE-2026-41683
HIGHDescription
i18next-http-middleware is a middleware to be used with Node.js web frameworks like express or Fastify and also for Deno. Prior to version 3.9.3, i18next-http-middleware wrote user-controlled language values into the Content-Language response header after passing them through utils.escape(), which is an HTML-entity encoder that does not strip carriage return, line feed, or other control characters. When the application used an older i18next (< 19.5.0) that still exercised the backward-compatibility fallback at LanguageDetector.js:100 or otherwise produced a raw detected value, CRLF sequences in the attacker-controlled lng parameter reached res.setHeader('Content-Language', ...) verbatim. This issue has been patched in version 3.9.3.
How to fix
No published remediation has been found for this vulnerability's affected products yet.
Mitigation guidance may be in the linked vendor advisories in the References section below.
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CVSS v3 Vector
Exploitability
Impact
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L
Exploit Intelligence
Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 25% of all known CVEs.
References
Related Vulnerabilities
Other CWE-79 (Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | EPSS | Exploited | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2020-11022 | Medium | 6.9 | 99% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2019-3929 | Critical | 9.8 | 99% | KEV | Fix |
| CVE-2020-9496 | Medium | 6.1 | 99% | - | - |
| CVE-2023-28341 | Medium | 6.1 | 99% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2018-12998 | Medium | 6.1 | 98% | - | - |
| CVE-2025-4123 | High | 7.6 | 98% | - | Fix |
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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-05-12.