Is CVE-2025-25291 in the CISA KEV catalog?

No. CVE-2025-25291 is not currently on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list.

What is the CVSS severity of CVE-2025-25291?

CVE-2025-25291 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL).

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2025-25291?

CVE-2025-25291 has an EPSS score of 19.51% (97th percentile), estimating the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2025-25291?

Upgrade ruby-saml on debian 11 to 1.11.0-1+deb11u2 or later. Fixes are available for 2 affected products.

CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2025-25291

CRITICALEPSS 97th pctl

9.8

CVSS v3

NVD

Description

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

CWE-347 CWE-436

How to fix

Remediation Available

ruby-samlDebian

Fixed in:1.11.0-1+deb11u2CVE-2025-25291

ruby-samlUbuntu

Fixed in:1.1.2-1ubuntu1+esm2USN-7409-1

Fixed in:1.7.2-1ubuntu0.1~esm2USN-7409-1

Fixed in:1.11.0-1ubuntu0.1+esm1USN-7409-1

Fixed in:1.13.0-1ubuntu0.1+esm1USN-7409-1

Fixed in:1.15.0-1ubuntu0.24.04.1+esm1USN-7409-1

TridentStack Control can deploy fixes like this automatically across your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet. See how it works

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorNetwork

Attack ComplexityLow

Privileges RequiredNone

User InteractionNone

ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityHigh

IntegrityHigh

AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Exploit Intelligence

19.51%probability of exploitation in 30 days

97thpercentile

Very high risk: more likely to be exploited than 97% of all known CVEs.

References

Patch3

Exploit2

Vendor Advisory2

Third-Party Advisory2

Issue Tracking1

news.ycombinator.com

Release Notes2

Other references1

lists.debian.org

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-347 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVE	Severity	CVSS	EPSS	Exploited	Fix
CVE-2018-16042	Medium	6.5	82%	-	-
CVE-2025-59718	Critical	9.8	66%	KEV	Fix
CVE-2025-25292	Critical	9.8	64%	-	Fix
CVE-2021-22160	Critical	9.8	53%	-	Fix
CVE-2013-3900	Medium	5.5	45%	KEV	-
CVE-2018-0114	High	7.5	43%	-	Fix

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-11-03.