CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2025-25291

CRITICALEPSS 97th pctl
9.8
CVSS v3
NVD

Description

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

CWE-347CWE-436

How to fix

Remediation Available
ruby-samlDebian
Fixed in:1.11.0-1+deb11u2CVE-2025-25291
ruby-samlUbuntu
Fixed in:1.1.2-1ubuntu1+esm2USN-7409-1
Fixed in:1.7.2-1ubuntu0.1~esm2USN-7409-1
Fixed in:1.11.0-1ubuntu0.1+esm1USN-7409-1
Fixed in:1.13.0-1ubuntu0.1+esm1USN-7409-1
Fixed in:1.15.0-1ubuntu0.24.04.1+esm1USN-7409-1

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Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorNetwork
Attack ComplexityLow
Privileges RequiredNone
User InteractionNone
ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityHigh
IntegrityHigh
AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Exploit Intelligence

20.26%probability of exploitation in 30 days
97thpercentile

Very high risk: more likely to be exploited than 97% of all known CVEs.

References

Vendor Advisory2
Issue Tracking1
Release Notes2
Other references1

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-347 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVESeverityCVSSEPSSExploitedFix
CVE-2018-16042Medium6.582%--
CVE-2025-25292Critical9.865%-Fix
CVE-2025-59718Critical9.863%KEVFix
CVE-2021-22160Critical9.853%-Fix
CVE-2013-3900Medium5.545%KEV-
CVE-2018-0114High7.543%-Fix

Common questions

How do I fix CVE-2025-25291?

Published advisories record a fix for 2 affected products. The "How to fix" section on this page lists the fixed version and source advisory for each one, so apply the entry matching what you actually run.

Is CVE-2025-25291 being actively exploited?

Not that we know of. CVE-2025-25291 is not in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Its EPSS score of 20.3% is the estimated probability that it will be exploited in the next 30 days. That is higher than 97% of all scored CVEs.

How severe is CVE-2025-25291?

CVE-2025-25291 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8, rated critical. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.

What does CVE-2025-25291 affect?

Published advisories record a fix for ruby-saml (Debian), ruby-saml (Ubuntu). Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-11-03.