CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2026-18040

MEDIUM
5.9
CVSS v4
NVD

Description

In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, HQC leaked secret-derived data through two side channels: its GF(2^8) arithmetic used lookup tables indexed by field elements, making the cache line touched a function of the operand, and its fixed-weight support sampler left its duplicate scan as soon as a collision was found and stored accepted positions at a secret index. Both run on secret inputs during encapsulation and decapsulation, and the sampler re-expands the secret key from its seed on every decapsulation, so an attacker able to observe cache behaviour or decapsulation timing can recover information about the HQC private key. The field arithmetic is now table-free and the sampler branch-free within a batch of candidates, with output and randomness consumption unchanged.

How to fix

Remediation Available
bouncycastleDebian
Fixed in:1.86-1CVE-2026-18040

TridentStack Control can deploy fixes like this automatically across your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet. See how it works

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v4 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorLocal
Attack ComplexityHigh
Privileges RequiredNone
User InteractionNone

Impact

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Amber

Exploit Intelligence

0.11%probability of exploitation in 30 days
1stpercentile

Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 1% of all known CVEs.

References

Other references2

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-208 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVESeverityCVSSEPSSExploitedFix
CVE-2019-9494Medium5.93.9%-Fix
CVE-2019-16782Medium6.33.7%-Fix
CVE-2025-53940Unscored-3.6%--
CVE-2020-1926Medium5.92.5%-Fix
CVE-2021-43298Critical9.82.3%-Fix
CVE-2022-31142High7.51.5%-Fix

Common questions

How do I fix CVE-2026-18040?

Upgrade bouncycastle on debian unstable to 1.86-1 or later.

Is CVE-2026-18040 being actively exploited?

Not that we know of. CVE-2026-18040 is not in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Its EPSS score of 0.11% is the estimated probability that it will be exploited in the next 30 days. That is higher than 1% of all scored CVEs.

How severe is CVE-2026-18040?

CVE-2026-18040 has a CVSS v4 base score of 5.9, rated medium. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.

What does CVE-2026-18040 affect?

Published advisories record a fix for bouncycastle (Debian). Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.

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CVE-2026-18040 severity badge

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-10-05.