CVE-2025-48865
CRITICALDescription
Fabio is an HTTP(S) and TCP router for deploying applications managed by consul. Prior to version 1.6.6, Fabio allows clients to remove X-Forwarded headers (except X-Forwarded-For) due to a vulnerability in how it processes hop-by-hop headers. Fabio adds HTTP headers like X-Forwarded-Host and X-Forwarded-Port when routing requests to backend applications. Since the receiving application should trust these headers, allowing HTTP clients to remove or modify them creates potential security vulnerabilities. Some of these custom headers can be removed and, in certain cases, manipulated. The attack relies on the behavior that headers can be defined as hop-by-hop via the HTTP Connection header. This issue has been patched in version 1.6.6.
How to fix
TridentStack Control can deploy fixes like this automatically across your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet. See how it works
Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.
CVSS v3 Vector
Exploitability
Impact
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Exploit Intelligence
Moderate risk: more likely to be exploited than 40% of all known CVEs.
References
Related Vulnerabilities
Other CWE-345 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | EPSS | Exploited | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2023-38831 | High | 7.8 | 98% | KEV + Ransom | Fix |
| CVE-2016-4553 | High | 8.6 | 80% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2016-4554 | High | 8.6 | 39% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2023-35719 | Medium | 6.8 | 26% | - | - |
| CVE-2022-26871 | Critical | 9.8 | 20% | KEV | - |
| CVE-2014-4936 | High | 9.3 | 17% | - | - |
Common questions
How do I fix CVE-2025-48865?
Upgrade fabio to 1.6.6 or later.
Is CVE-2025-48865 being actively exploited?
Not that we know of. CVE-2025-48865 is not in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Its EPSS score of 0.50% is the estimated probability that it will be exploited in the next 30 days. That is higher than 40% of all scored CVEs.
How severe is CVE-2025-48865?
CVE-2025-48865 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.1, rated critical. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.
What does CVE-2025-48865 affect?
Published advisories record a fix for fabio (NVD). Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.
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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-06-04.