CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2025-27111

HIGH
7.5
CVSS v3
NVD

Description

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. The Rack::Sendfile middleware logs unsanitised header values from the X-Sendfile-Type header. An attacker can exploit this by injecting escape sequences (such as newline characters) into the header, resulting in log injection. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.2.12, 3.0.13, and 3.1.11.

CWE-93CWE-117

How to fix

Remediation Available
ruby-rackDebian
Fixed in:2.1.4-3+deb11u3CVE-2025-27111
Fixed in:2.2.13-1~deb12u1CVE-2025-27111
Fixed in:3.1.12-1CVE-2025-27111
Fixed in:3.1.12-1CVE-2025-27111
ruby-rackUbuntu
Fixed in:1.5.2-3+deb8u3ubuntu1~esm9USN-7366-1
Fixed in:1.6.4-3ubuntu0.2+esm7USN-7366-1
Fixed in:1.6.4-4ubuntu0.2+esm7USN-7366-1
Fixed in:2.0.7-2ubuntu0.1+esm6USN-7366-1
Fixed in:2.1.4-5ubuntu1.1+esm1USN-7366-1
Fixed in:2.2.7-1ubuntu0.2USN-7366-1

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Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorNetwork
Attack ComplexityLow
Privileges RequiredNone
User InteractionNone
ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityNone
IntegrityHigh
AvailabilityNone

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Exploit Intelligence

0.73%probability of exploitation in 30 days
51stpercentile

Moderate risk: more likely to be exploited than 51% of all known CVEs.

References

Vendor Advisory1
Other references1

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-93 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVESeverityCVSSEPSSExploitedFix
CVE-2025-61884High7.598%KEV + Ransom-
CVE-2022-0666High7.544%-Fix
CVE-2016-3115Medium6.437%-Fix
CVE-2024-20337High8.230%-Fix
CVE-2021-39172High8.829%-Fix
CVE-2016-4975Medium6.120%-Fix

Common questions

How do I fix CVE-2025-27111?

Published advisories record a fix for 2 affected products. The "How to fix" section on this page lists the fixed version and source advisory for each one, so apply the entry matching what you actually run.

Is CVE-2025-27111 being actively exploited?

Not that we know of. CVE-2025-27111 is not in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Its EPSS score of 0.73% is the estimated probability that it will be exploited in the next 30 days. That is higher than 51% of all scored CVEs.

How severe is CVE-2025-27111?

CVE-2025-27111 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5, rated high. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.

What does CVE-2025-27111 affect?

Published advisories record a fix for ruby-rack (Debian), ruby-rack (Ubuntu). Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-11-03.