Is CVE-2021-44878 in the CISA KEV catalog?

No. CVE-2021-44878 is not currently on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list.

What is the CVSS severity of CVE-2021-44878?

CVE-2021-44878 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 (HIGH).

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2021-44878?

CVE-2021-44878 has an EPSS score of 0.90% (55th percentile), estimating the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2021-44878?

Upgrade pac4j to 5.3.1 or later.

CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2021-44878

HIGH

7.5

CVSS v3

NVD

Description

If an OpenID Connect provider supports the "none" algorithm (i.e., tokens with no signature), pac4j v5.3.0 (and prior) does not refuse it without an explicit configuration on its side or for the "idtoken" response type which is not secure and violates the OpenID Core Specification. The "none" algorithm does not require any signature verification when validating the ID tokens, which allows the attacker to bypass the token validation by injecting a malformed ID token using "none" as the value of "alg" key in the header with an empty signature value.

CWE-347

How to fix

Remediation Available

pac4jNVD

Affected:>= 5.0.0, < 5.3.1Fixed in:5.3.1CVE-2021-44878derived from NVD

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorNetwork

Attack ComplexityLow

Privileges RequiredNone

User InteractionNone

ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityNone

IntegrityHigh

AvailabilityNone

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Exploit Intelligence

0.90%probability of exploitation in 30 days

55thpercentile

Moderate risk: more likely to be exploited than 55% of all known CVEs.

References

Patch1

github.com

Vendor Advisory1

pac4j.org

Third-Party Advisory1

openid.net

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-347 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVE	Severity	CVSS	EPSS	Exploited	Fix
CVE-2018-16042	Medium	6.5	82%	-	-
CVE-2025-59718	Critical	9.8	66%	KEV	Fix
CVE-2025-25292	Critical	9.8	64%	-	Fix
CVE-2021-22160	Critical	9.8	53%	-	Fix
CVE-2013-3900	Medium	5.5	45%	KEV	-
CVE-2018-0114	High	7.5	43%	-	Fix

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2024-11-21.