CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2026-53939

CRITICAL
9.1
CVSS v3
NVD

Description

OpenIDC/cjose is a C library implementing the Javascript Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE). In versions 0.6.1 through 0.6.2.5, when cjose encrypts a JWE using an AES-CBC-HMAC content-encryption algorithm (`A128CBC-HS256`, `A192CBC-HS384`, or `A256CBC-HS512`) together with any key-management algorithm that generates a fresh content-encryption key (CEK), the CEK is all zero bytes instead of being randomly generated. The resulting JWE is therefore encrypted and authenticated under a fixed, publicly known key, so anyone who obtains the JWE can recover the plaintext and forge or modify the content. This is fixed in version 0.6.2.6 by `_cjose_jwe_set_cek_aes_cbc()` generating the CEK from `RAND_bytes`. A regression test asserts that the `encrypted_key` differs across two encryptions for each AES-CBC-HMAC variant. Until upgrading, for data encrypted with cjose, three options are available. Use an AES-GCM `enc` (`A128GCM` / `A192GCM` / `A256GCM`) instead of an AES-CBC-HMAC `enc`, use `alg=dir` with a caller-supplied CEK, or avoid using cjose for JWE encryption with the affected algorithm pair. These are mitigations for new ciphertexts only; data already encrypted under the zero key remains compromised and should be re-encrypted (and any secrets it contained rotated).

How to fix

Remediation Available
cjoseDebian
Fixed in:0.6.2.3-1+deb13u1CVE-2026-53939
Fixed in:0.6.2.7-1CVE-2026-53939

TridentStack Control can deploy fixes like this automatically across your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet. See how it works

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorNetwork
Attack ComplexityLow
Privileges RequiredNone
User InteractionNone
ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityHigh
IntegrityHigh
AvailabilityNone

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Exploit Intelligence

0.20%probability of exploitation in 30 days
10thpercentile

Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 10% of all known CVEs.

References

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-321 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVESeverityCVSSEPSSExploitedFix
CVE-2025-30406Critical9.094%KEVFix
CVE-2016-4437Critical9.893%KEVFix
CVE-2023-32169Critical9.856%--
CVE-2023-27584Critical9.834%-Fix
CVE-2020-10884High8.826%--
CVE-2021-4228Medium5.89.9%--

Common questions

How do I fix CVE-2026-53939?

Upgrade cjose on debian 13 to 0.6.2.3-1+deb13u1 or later.

Is CVE-2026-53939 being actively exploited?

Not that we know of. CVE-2026-53939 is not in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Its EPSS score of 0.20% is the estimated probability that it will be exploited in the next 30 days. That is higher than 10% of all scored CVEs.

How severe is CVE-2026-53939?

CVE-2026-53939 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.1, rated critical. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.

What does CVE-2026-53939 affect?

Published advisories record a fix for cjose (Debian). Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.

Embed a live status badge for CVE-2026-53939
CVE-2026-53939 severity badge

Markdown

[![CVE-2026-53939](https://tridentstack.com/cve/badge/CVE-2026-53939.svg)](https://tridentstack.com/cve/CVE-2026-53939)

HTML

<a href="https://tridentstack.com/cve/CVE-2026-53939"><img src="https://tridentstack.com/cve/badge/CVE-2026-53939.svg" alt="CVE-2026-53939"></a>

Find and fix vulnerabilities across your fleet

TridentStack Control continuously scans your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet for known vulnerabilities, prioritizes them by severity and active exploitation, and patches them automatically.

See how it worksStart freeThis CVE lookup is free and always will be.

This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-09-10.