CVE-2026-41316
HIGHDescription
ERB is a templating system for Ruby. Ruby 2.7.0 (before ERB 2.2.0 was published on rubygems.org) introduced an `@_init` instance variable guard in `ERB#result` and `ERB#run` to prevent code execution when an ERB object is reconstructed via `Marshal.load` (deserialization). However, three other public methods that also evaluate `@src` via `eval()` were not given the same guard: `ERB#def_method`, `ERB#def_module`, and `ERB#def_class`. An attacker who can trigger `Marshal.load` on untrusted data in a Ruby application that has `erb` loaded can use `ERB#def_module` (zero-arg, default parameters) as a code execution sink, bypassing the `@_init` protection entirely. ERB 4.0.3.1, 4.0.4.1, 6.0.1.1, and 6.0.4 patch the issue.
How to fix
This vulnerability affects an unusually large number of packages. The highest-confidence fixes are shown above; the full list is longer. Check the referenced advisories for complete coverage.
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Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.
CVSS v3 Vector
Exploitability
Impact
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploit Intelligence
Moderate risk: more likely to be exploited than 65% of all known CVEs.
References
Related Vulnerabilities
Other CWE-693 (Protection Mechanism Failure) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | EPSS | Exploited | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2013-2465 | Critical | 9.8 | 99% | KEV + Ransom | - |
| CVE-2019-1003030 | Critical | 9.9 | 97% | KEV | - |
| CVE-2024-21412 | High | 8.1 | 95% | KEV + Ransom | Fix |
| CVE-2013-0431 | Medium | 5.3 | 90% | KEV + Ransom | - |
| CVE-2025-40536 | High | 8.1 | 82% | KEV | Fix |
| CVE-2025-0411 | High | 7.0 | 67% | KEV | Fix |
Common questions
How do I fix CVE-2026-41316?
Published advisories record a fix for 106 affected products. The "How to fix" section on this page lists the fixed version and source advisory for each one, so apply the entry matching what you actually run.
Is CVE-2026-41316 being actively exploited?
Not that we know of. CVE-2026-41316 is not in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Its EPSS score of 1.1% is the estimated probability that it will be exploited in the next 30 days. That is higher than 65% of all scored CVEs.
How severe is CVE-2026-41316?
CVE-2026-41316 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.1, rated high. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.
What does CVE-2026-41316 affect?
Published advisories record a fix for ruby (Red Hat / RHEL), ruby (Rocky), ruby-bundled-gems (Red Hat / RHEL), ruby-bundled-gems (Rocky), and 102 more. Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.
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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-08-24.