CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2026-28496

CRITICALEPSS 77th pctl
9.4
CVSS v4
NVD

Description

FOSSBilling is a free, open-source billing and client management system. Versions prior to 0.8.0 have a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in the template rendering system. Administrators with access to features that render Twig templates (email templates, mass mail campaigns, custom payment adapters, and the `string_render` API endpoint) can inject arbitrary Twig expressions, leading to information disclosure and remote code execution. The vulnerability exists because Twig templates are rendered without a sandbox, allowing access to the full Twig environment, API context, and the application's dependency injection container. Version 0.8.0 patches the issue. Some workarounds are available. Audit existing email templates for suspicious Twig expressions, rotate all admin and client API tokens, and/or block external access to /api/system/* at reverse proxy/WAF to mitigate chaining with GHSA-78x5-c8gw-8279.

How to fix

No published remediation has been found for this vulnerability's affected products yet.

Mitigation guidance may be in the linked vendor advisories in the References section below.

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CVSS v4 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorNetwork
Attack ComplexityLow
Privileges RequiredHigh
User InteractionNone

Impact

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Exploit Intelligence

1.89%probability of exploitation in 30 days
77thpercentile

Elevated risk: more likely to be exploited than 77% of all known CVEs.

References

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-1336 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVESeverityCVSSEPSSExploitedFix
CVE-2024-4040Critical9.8100%KEVFix
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CVE-2025-47916Critical10.085%-Fix
CVE-2024-32651Critical10.084%--
CVE-2022-25813High7.567%-Fix
CVE-2025-34300Unscored-49%--
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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-06-23.