CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2026-23988

HIGH
7.3
CVSS v3
NVD

Description

Rufus is a utility that helps format and create bootable USB flash drives. Versions 4.11 and below contain a race condition (TOCTOU) in src/net.c during the creation, validation, and execution of the Fido PowerShell script. Since Rufus runs with elevated privileges (Administrator) but writes the script to the %TEMP% directory (writeable by standard users) without locking the file, a local attacker can replace the legitimate script with a malicious one between the file write operation and the execution step. This allows arbitrary code execution with Administrator privileges. This issue has been fixed in version 4.12_BETA.

How to fix

Remediation Available
rufusNVD
Affected:< 4.12Fixed in:4.12CVE-2026-23988derived from NVD

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorLocal
Attack ComplexityLow
Privileges RequiredLow
User InteractionRequired
ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityHigh
IntegrityHigh
AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Exploit Intelligence

0.19%probability of exploitation in 30 days
9thpercentile

Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 9% of all known CVEs.

References

Exploit1
Other references1

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-367 (TOCTOU Race Condition) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVESeverityCVSSEPSSExploitedFix
CVE-2022-36980High8.183%-Fix
CVE-2024-30088High7.068%KEV + RansomFix
CVE-2004-0594Medium5.155%-Fix
CVE-2024-50379Critical9.844%-Fix
CVE-2023-38146High8.839%-Fix
CVE-2024-0132Critical9.037%-Fix
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Markdown

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HTML

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-02-27.