CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2025-59419

UNSCOREDEPSS 73th pctl

Description

Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.128.Final and 4.2.7.Final, the SMTP codec in Netty contains an SMTP command injection vulnerability due to insufficient input validation for Carriage Return (\r) and Line Feed (\n) characters in user-supplied parameters. The vulnerability exists in io.netty.handler.codec.smtp.DefaultSmtpRequest, where parameters are directly concatenated into the SMTP command string without sanitization. When methods such as SmtpRequests.rcpt(recipient) are called with a malicious string containing CRLF sequences, attackers can inject arbitrary SMTP commands. Because the injected commands are sent from the server's trusted IP address, resulting emails will likely pass SPF and DKIM authentication checks, making them appear legitimate. This allows remote attackers who can control SMTP command parameters (such as email recipients) to forge arbitrary emails from the trusted server, potentially impersonating executives and forging high-stakes corporate communications. This issue has been patched in versions 4.1.129.Final and 4.2.8.Final. No known workarounds exist.

How to fix

Remediation Available
nettyDebian
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-4+deb11u3CVE-2025-59419
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-7+deb12u2CVE-2025-59419
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-10+deb13u1CVE-2025-59419
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-11CVE-2025-59419
libnetty-javaUbuntu
Fixed in:1:4.1.7-4ubuntu0.1+esm4USN-7843-1
Fixed in:1:4.1.45-1ubuntu0.1~esm3USN-7843-1
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-4+deb11u2ubuntu0.1~esm2USN-7843-1
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-9ubuntu0.1~esm2USN-7843-1
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-10ubuntu0.25.10.1USN-7843-1
nettyUbuntu
Fixed in:1:4.1.7-4ubuntu0.1+esm4USN-7843-1
Fixed in:1:4.1.45-1ubuntu0.1~esm3USN-7843-1
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-4+deb11u2ubuntu0.1~esm2USN-7843-1
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-9ubuntu0.1~esm2USN-7843-1
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-10ubuntu0.25.10.1USN-7843-1

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3.1 Vector

No CVSS vector data available.

Exploit Intelligence

1.62%probability of exploitation in 30 days
73rdpercentile

Elevated risk: more likely to be exploited than 73% of all known CVEs.

References

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-10-17.