CVE-2025-59152
HIGHDescription
Litestar is an Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface (ASGI) framework. In version 2.17.0, rate limits can be completely bypassed by manipulating the X-Forwarded-For header. This renders IP-based rate limiting ineffective against determined attackers. Litestar's RateLimitMiddleware uses `cache_key_from_request()` to generate cache keys for rate limiting. When an X-Forwarded-For header is present, the middleware trusts it unconditionally and uses its value as part of the client identifier. Since clients can set arbitrary X-Forwarded-For values, each different spoofed IP creates a separate rate limit bucket. An attacker can rotate through different header values to avoid hitting any single bucket's limit. This affects any Litestar application using RateLimitMiddleware with default settings, which likely includes most applications that implement rate limiting. Version 2.18.0 contains a patch for the vulnerability.
How to fix
No published remediation has been found for this vulnerability's affected products yet.
Mitigation guidance may be in the linked vendor advisories in the References section below.
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CVSS v3 Vector
Exploitability
Impact
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Exploit Intelligence
Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 37% of all known CVEs.
References
Related Vulnerabilities
Other CWE-807 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | EPSS | Exploited | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2026-34486 | High | 7.5 | 81% | KEV | Fix |
| CVE-2026-21509 | High | 7.8 | 72% | KEV | Fix |
| CVE-2024-13974 | High | 8.1 | 6.7% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2021-41129 | High | 8.1 | 1.8% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2026-21514 | High | 7.8 | 1.5% | KEV | - |
| CVE-2025-49827 | Critical | 9.8 | 1.4% | - | Fix |
Common questions
How do I fix CVE-2025-59152?
No published fix for CVE-2025-59152 has been found yet. Check the linked vendor advisories for guidance as it becomes available.
Is CVE-2025-59152 being actively exploited?
Not that we know of. CVE-2025-59152 is not in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Its EPSS score of 0.45% is the estimated probability that it will be exploited in the next 30 days. That is higher than 37% of all scored CVEs.
How severe is CVE-2025-59152?
CVE-2025-59152 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5, rated high. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.
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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-10-08.