CVE-2025-54887
CRITICALDescription
jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences and the GCM internal GHASH key can be recovered. Users are affected by this vulnerability even if they do not use an AES-GCM encryption algorithm for their JWEs. As the GHASH key may have been leaked, users must rotate the encryption keys after upgrading. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.1.
How to fix
No published remediation has been found for this vulnerability's affected products yet.
Mitigation guidance may be in the linked vendor advisories in the References section below.
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CVSS v3 Vector
Exploitability
Impact
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Exploit Intelligence
Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 16% of all known CVEs.
References
Related Vulnerabilities
Other CWE-354 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | EPSS | Exploited | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2023-48795 | Medium | 5.9 | 93% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2019-1166 | Medium | 5.9 | 68% | - | - |
| CVE-2024-3596 | Critical | 9.0 | 15% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2020-26141 | Medium | 6.5 | 3.1% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2020-25862 | High | 7.5 | 2.4% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2020-8838 | Medium | 6.4 | 1.6% | - | - |
Common questions
How do I fix CVE-2025-54887?
No published fix for CVE-2025-54887 has been found yet. Check the linked vendor advisories for guidance as it becomes available.
Is CVE-2025-54887 being actively exploited?
Not that we know of. CVE-2025-54887 is not in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Its EPSS score of 0.24% is the estimated probability that it will be exploited in the next 30 days. That is higher than 16% of all scored CVEs.
How severe is CVE-2025-54887?
CVE-2025-54887 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.1, rated critical. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.
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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-08-08.