CVE-2025-49581
HIGHDescription
XWiki is a generic wiki platform. Any user with edit right on a page (could be the user's profile) can execute code (Groovy, Python, Velocity) with programming right by defining a wiki macro. This allows full access to the whole XWiki installation. The main problem is that if a wiki macro parameter allows wiki syntax, its default value is executed with the rights of the author of the document where it is used. This can be exploited by overriding a macro like the children macro that is used in a page that has programming right like the page XWiki.ChildrenMacro and thus allows arbitrary script macros. This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 16.4.7, 16.10.3 and 17.0.0 by executing wiki parameters with the rights of the wiki macro's author when the parameter's value is the default value.
How to fix
TridentStack Control can deploy fixes like this automatically across your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet. See how it works
Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.
CVSS v3 Vector
Exploitability
Impact
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploit Intelligence
Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 40% of all known CVEs.
References
Related Vulnerabilities
Other CWE-94 (Code Injection) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | EPSS | Exploited | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2017-9841 | Critical | 9.8 | 100% | KEV | Fix |
| CVE-2015-1635 | Critical | 9.8 | 100% | KEV | - |
| CVE-2025-3248 | Critical | 9.8 | 100% | KEV + Ransom | Fix |
| CVE-2022-22954 | Critical | 9.8 | 100% | KEV + Ransom | - |
| CVE-2021-22204 | Medium | 6.8 | 100% | KEV | Fix |
| CVE-2012-0158 | High | 8.8 | 100% | KEV | - |
Common questions
How do I fix CVE-2025-49581?
Upgrade xwiki to 16.10.3 or later.
Is CVE-2025-49581 being actively exploited?
Not that we know of. CVE-2025-49581 is not in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Its EPSS score of 0.49% is the estimated probability that it will be exploited in the next 30 days. That is higher than 40% of all scored CVEs.
How severe is CVE-2025-49581?
CVE-2025-49581 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.8, rated high. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.
What does CVE-2025-49581 affect?
Published advisories record a fix for xwiki (NVD). Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.
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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-09-03.