CVE-2025-48413
HIGHDescription
The `/etc/passwd` and `/etc/shadow` files reveal hard-coded password hashes for the operating system "root" user. The credentials are shipped with the update files. There is no option for deleting or changing their passwords for an enduser. An attacker can use the credentials to log into the device. Authentication can be performed via SSH backdoor or likely via physical access (UART shell).
How to fix
No published remediation has been found for this vulnerability's affected products yet.
Mitigation guidance may be in the linked vendor advisories in the References section below.
CVSS v3 Vector
Exploitability
Impact
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Exploit Intelligence
Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 12% of all known CVEs.
References
Related Vulnerabilities
Other CWE-798 (Hard-coded Credentials) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | EPSS | Exploited | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2022-26138 | Critical | 9.8 | 98% | KEV | - |
| CVE-2024-3272 | Critical | 9.8 | 98% | KEV | - |
| CVE-2025-30406 | Critical | 9.0 | 94% | KEV | Fix |
| CVE-2024-28987 | Critical | 9.1 | 93% | KEV | Fix |
| CVE-2019-15976 | Critical | 9.8 | 93% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2024-20439 | Critical | 9.8 | 92% | KEV | Fix |
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Markdown
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Start freeThis product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-11-03.