CVE-2025-46407
HIGHDescription
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in the BMPv3 Palette Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When loading a specially crafted .bmp file, an integer overflow can be made to occur which will cause a heap-based buffer to overflow when reading the palette from the image. These conditions can allow for remote code execution. An attacker will need to convince the library to read a file to trigger this vulnerability.
How to fix
TridentStack Control can deploy fixes like this automatically across your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet. See how it works
Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.
CVSS v3 Vector
Exploitability
Impact
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploit Intelligence
Moderate risk: more likely to be exploited than 48% of all known CVEs.
References
Related Vulnerabilities
Other CWE-680 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | EPSS | Exploited | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2022-24834 | High | 7.0 | 41% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2021-32761 | High | 7.5 | 31% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2020-6116 | High | 7.8 | 28% | - | - |
| CVE-2021-40417 | Critical | 9.8 | 16% | - | - |
| CVE-2021-32628 | High | 7.5 | 14% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2021-30354 | High | 8.6 | 8.4% | - | - |
Common questions
How do I fix CVE-2025-46407?
Upgrade sail on debian 13 to 0.9.8-1+deb13u1 or later.
Is CVE-2025-46407 being actively exploited?
Not that we know of. CVE-2025-46407 is not in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Its EPSS score of 0.66% is the estimated probability that it will be exploited in the next 30 days. That is higher than 48% of all scored CVEs.
How severe is CVE-2025-46407?
CVE-2025-46407 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.8, rated high. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.
What does CVE-2025-46407 affect?
Published advisories record a fix for sail (Debian). Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.
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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-11-03.