CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2025-3909

HIGH
8.1
CVSS v3
NVD

Description

Thunderbird's handling of the X-Mozilla-External-Attachment-URL header can be exploited to execute JavaScript in the file:/// context. By crafting a nested email attachment (message/rfc822) and setting its content type to application/pdf, Thunderbird may incorrectly render it as HTML when opened, allowing the embedded JavaScript to run without requiring a file download. This behavior relies on Thunderbird auto-saving the attachment to /tmp and linking to it via the file:/// protocol, potentially enabling JavaScript execution as part of the HTML. This vulnerability was fixed in Thunderbird 128.10.1 and Thunderbird 138.0.1.

How to fix

Remediation Available
thunderbirdDebian
Fixed in:1:128.10.1esr-1~deb11u1CVE-2025-3909
Fixed in:1:128.10.1esr-1~deb12u1CVE-2025-3909
Fixed in:1:128.10.1esr-1CVE-2025-3909
Fixed in:1:128.10.1esr-1CVE-2025-3909
thunderbirdRed Hat / RHEL
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_4RHSA-2025:8507
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_4RHSA-2025:8507
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_6RHSA-2025:8594
thunderbirdRocky
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_8RHSA-2025:8784
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_6RHSA-2025:8594
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_4RHSA-2025:8507
thunderbird-debuginfoRed Hat / RHEL
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_2RHSA-2025:8391
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_6RHSA-2025:8594
Fixed in:0:128.11.0-1.el8_10RHSA-2025:8756
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_8RHSA-2025:8784
thunderbird-debuginfoRocky
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_6RHSA-2025:8594
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_2RHSA-2025:8391
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_6RHSA-2025:8594
Fixed in:0:128.11.0-1.el8_10RHSA-2025:8756
thunderbird-debugsourceRocky
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_2RHSA-2025:8391
Fixed in:0:128.11.0-1.el8_10RHSA-2025:8756
Fixed in:0:128.11.0-1.el8_10RHSA-2025:8756
Fixed in:0:128.11.0-1.el8_10RHSA-2025:8756
thunderbird-debugsourceRed Hat / RHEL
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:8196
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_2RHSA-2025:8391
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_8RHSA-2025:8784
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_8RHSA-2025:8784
Fixed in:0:128.10.1-1.el8_6RHSA-2025:8594
thunderbirdUbuntu
Fixed in:1:128.12.0+build1-0ubuntu0.22.04.1USN-7663-1
Mozilla Thunderbird (en-US)Windows application
Affected:128.10.1Fixed in:128.10.1Mozilla
Affected:129.0 138.0.1Fixed in:138.0.1Mozilla

This vulnerability affects an unusually large number of packages. The highest-confidence fixes are shown above; the full list is longer. Check the referenced advisories for complete coverage.

TridentStack Control can deploy fixes like this automatically across your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet. See how it works

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorNetwork
Attack ComplexityLow
Privileges RequiredNone
User InteractionRequired
ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityHigh
IntegrityHigh
AvailabilityNone

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Exploit Intelligence

0.44%probability of exploitation in 30 days
36thpercentile

Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 36% of all known CVEs.

References

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-356 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVESeverityCVSSEPSSExploitedFix
CVE-2018-16858High7.867%-Fix
CVE-2019-6737High8.83.8%--
CVE-2019-6738High8.83.7%--
CVE-2019-6736High8.83.7%--
CVE-2019-13322High8.82.6%-Fix
CVE-2019-17151Medium5.41.4%-Fix

Common questions

How do I fix CVE-2025-3909?

Published advisories record a fix for 9 affected products. The "How to fix" section on this page lists the fixed version and source advisory for each one, so apply the entry matching what you actually run.

Is CVE-2025-3909 being actively exploited?

Not that we know of. CVE-2025-3909 is not in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Its EPSS score of 0.44% is the estimated probability that it will be exploited in the next 30 days. That is higher than 36% of all scored CVEs.

How severe is CVE-2025-3909?

CVE-2025-3909 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.1, rated high. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.

What does CVE-2025-3909 affect?

Published advisories record a fix for thunderbird (Debian), thunderbird (Red Hat / RHEL), thunderbird (Rocky), thunderbird-debuginfo (Red Hat / RHEL), and 5 more. Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-04-13.