CVE-2025-32433
CRITICALCISA KEVEPSS 100th pctlDescription
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.
How to fix
TridentStack Control can deploy fixes like this automatically across your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet. See how it works
Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.
CVSS v3 Vector
Exploitability
Impact
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploit Intelligence
Very high risk: more likely to be exploited than 100% of all known CVEs.
Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability
Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH server contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability. This could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials, potentially leading to unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in how SSH protocol messages are handled, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems. This vulnerability could affect various products that implement Erlang/OTP SSH server, including—but not limited to—Cisco, NetApp, and SUSE.
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Remediation due: 2025-06-30
References
Related Vulnerabilities
Other CWE-306 (Missing Authentication for Critical Function) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | EPSS | Exploited | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2025-3248 | Critical | 9.8 | 100% | KEV + Ransom | Fix |
| CVE-2017-10271 | High | 7.5 | 100% | KEV + Ransom | - |
| CVE-2023-42793 | Critical | 9.8 | 100% | KEV + Ransom | Fix |
| CVE-2022-1388 | Critical | 9.8 | 100% | KEV + Ransom | Fix |
| CVE-2021-37415 | Critical | 9.8 | 100% | KEV | - |
| CVE-2023-21839 | High | 7.5 | 100% | KEV | - |
Common questions
How do I fix CVE-2025-32433?
Published advisories record a fix for 3 affected products. The "How to fix" section on this page lists the fixed version and source advisory for each one, so apply the entry matching what you actually run.
Is CVE-2025-32433 being actively exploited?
Yes. CVE-2025-32433 is listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, which means exploitation has been observed in the wild. US federal agencies were required to remediate it by 2025-06-30. Treat it as a priority whatever its CVSS score says.
How severe is CVE-2025-32433?
CVE-2025-32433 has a CVSS v3 base score of 10.0, rated critical. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.
What does CVE-2025-32433 affect?
Published advisories record a fix for erlang (Debian), erlang (Ubuntu), erlang-ssh (Ubuntu). Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.
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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-11-04.