CVE-2025-1686
MEDIUMDescription
Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ. Workaround This vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates: java new PebbleEngine.Builder() .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder() .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of("include")) .build()) .build();
How to fix
Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.
CVSS v3 Vector
Exploitability
Impact
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
Exploit Intelligence
Moderate risk: more likely to be exploited than 52% of all known CVEs.
References
Related Vulnerabilities
Other CWE-73 (External Control of File Name or Path) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | EPSS | Exploited | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2022-39952 | Critical | 9.8 | 100% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2024-8517 | Critical | 9.8 | 95% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2023-4634 | Critical | 9.8 | 83% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2018-17246 | Critical | 9.8 | 82% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2024-43451 | Medium | 6.5 | 82% | KEV | Fix |
| CVE-2025-33053 | High | 8.8 | 82% | KEV | Fix |
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Markdown
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Start freeThis product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-06-05.