CVE-2023-48238
HIGHDescription
joaquimserafim/json-web-token is a javascript library use to interact with JSON Web Tokens (JWT) which are a compact URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. Versions prior to 4.0.0 are vulnerable to a JWT algorithm confusion attack. On line 86 of the 'index.js' file, the algorithm to use for verifying the signature of the JWT token is taken from the JWT token, which at that point is still unverified and thus shouldn't be trusted. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker needs to craft a malicious JWT token containing the HS256 algorithm, signed with the public RSA key of the victim application. This attack will only work against this library is the RS256 algorithm is in use, however it is a best practice to use that algorithm. Version 4.0.0 fixes the issue.
How to fix
Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.
CVSS v3 Vector
Exploitability
Impact
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Exploit Intelligence
Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 22% of all known CVEs.
References
Related Vulnerabilities
Other CWE-345 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | EPSS | Exploited | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2023-38831 | High | 7.8 | 98% | KEV + Ransom | Fix |
| CVE-2016-4553 | High | 8.6 | 80% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2016-4554 | High | 8.6 | 39% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2023-35719 | Medium | 6.8 | 26% | - | - |
| CVE-2022-26871 | Critical | 9.8 | 20% | KEV | - |
| CVE-2014-4936 | High | 9.3 | 17% | - | - |
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Start freeThis product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-06-09.