Is CVE-2023-41991 in the CISA KEV catalog?

Yes. CVE-2023-41991 is on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list, added 2023-09-25.

What is the CVSS severity of CVE-2023-41991?

CVE-2023-41991 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (MEDIUM).

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2023-41991?

CVE-2023-41991 has an EPSS score of 4.55% (91th percentile), estimating the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2023-41991?

Upgrade ipados to 16.7 or later. Fixes are available for 3 affected products.

CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2023-41991

MEDIUMCISA KEVEPSS 91th pctl

5.5

CVSS v3

NVD

Description

A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.

CWE-295Improper Certificate Validation

How to fix

Remediation Available

ipadosNVD

Affected:< 16.7Fixed in:16.7CVE-2023-41991derived from NVD

iphone osNVD

Affected:< 16.7Fixed in:16.7CVE-2023-41991derived from NVD

macosNVD

Affected:>= 13.0, < 13.6Fixed in:13.6CVE-2023-41991derived from NVD

TridentStack Control can deploy fixes like this automatically across your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet. See how it works

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorLocal

Attack ComplexityLow

Privileges RequiredNone

User InteractionRequired

ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityNone

IntegrityHigh

AvailabilityNone

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Exploit Intelligence

4.55%probability of exploitation in 30 days

91stpercentile

High risk: more likely to be exploited than 91% of all known CVEs.

Known Exploited Vulnerability (CISA KEV)

Apple Multiple Products Improper Certificate Validation Vulnerability

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and watchOS contain an improper certificate validation vulnerability that can allow a malicious app to bypass signature validation.

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Remediation due: 2023-10-16

References

Vendor Advisory4

Government Resource1

cisa.gov

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-295 (Improper Certificate Validation) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVE	Severity	CVSS	EPSS	Exploited	Fix
CVE-2015-4000	Low	3.7	100%	-	Fix
CVE-2020-0601	High	8.1	89%	KEV	Fix
CVE-2009-3555	Critical	9.8	87%	-	Fix
CVE-2022-26923	High	8.8	83%	KEV	Fix
CVE-2023-27823	Critical	9.8	53%	-	-
CVE-2022-42979	High	8.8	24%	-	-

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-11-05.