Is CVE-2023-28461 in the CISA KEV catalog?

Yes. CVE-2023-28461 is on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list, added 2024-11-25, and has known ransomware campaign use.

What is the CVSS severity of CVE-2023-28461?

CVE-2023-28461 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL).

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2023-28461?

CVE-2023-28461 has an EPSS score of 67.64% (99th percentile), estimating the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix or mitigate CVE-2023-28461?

No published fix for CVE-2023-28461 has been found yet. It is on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list; federal agencies must remediate by 2024-12-16. Apply the vendor's mitigations per CISA's guidance.

CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2023-28461

CRITICALCISA KEVEPSS 99th pctl

9.8

CVSS v3

NVD

Description

Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG (9.4.0.481 and earlier) allow remote code execution. An attacker can browse the filesystem on the SSL VPN gateway using a flags attribute in an HTTP header without authentication. The product could then be exploited through a vulnerable URL. The 2023-03-09 vendor advisory stated "a new Array AG release with the fix will be available soon."

CWE-287Improper Authentication CWE-306Missing Authentication for Critical Function

How to fix

Actively exploited, no published fix found yet

CISA required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Federal remediation due: 2024-12-16

Known ransomware campaign use

Mitigation guidance may be in the linked vendor advisories in the References section below.

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CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorNetwork

Attack ComplexityLow

Privileges RequiredNone

User InteractionNone

ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityHigh

IntegrityHigh

AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Exploit Intelligence

67.64%probability of exploitation in 30 days

99thpercentile

Very high risk: more likely to be exploited than 99% of all known CVEs.

Known Exploited Vulnerability (CISA KEV)

Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability

Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS contain a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability that allows an attacker to read local files and execute code on the SSL VPN gateway.

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Remediation due: 2024-12-16

Associated with ransomware campaigns

References

Vendor Advisory1

support.arraynetworks.net

Government Resource1

cisa.gov

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-287 (Improper Authentication) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVE	Severity	CVSS	EPSS	Exploited	Fix
CVE-2023-35082	Critical	9.8	100%	KEV + Ransom	Fix
CVE-2023-35078	Critical	9.8	100%	KEV + Ransom	Fix
CVE-2017-7921	Critical	9.8	100%	KEV	-
CVE-2024-7593	Critical	9.8	100%	KEV	-
CVE-2023-46805	High	8.2	100%	KEV + Ransom	-
CVE-2022-40684	Critical	9.8	100%	KEV + Ransom	Fix

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-11-03.