Is CVE-2019-5427 in the CISA KEV catalog?

No. CVE-2019-5427 is not currently on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list.

What is the CVSS severity of CVE-2019-5427?

CVE-2019-5427 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 (HIGH).

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2019-5427?

CVE-2019-5427 has an EPSS score of 4.88% (91th percentile), estimating the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2019-5427?

Upgrade c3p0 on debian 12 to 0.9.1.2-10.1~deb12u1 or later. Fixes are available for 3 affected products.

CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2019-5427

HIGHEPSS 91th pctl

7.5

CVSS v3

NVD

Description

c3p0 version < 0.9.5.4 may be exploited by a billion laughs attack when loading XML configuration due to missing protections against recursive entity expansion when loading configuration.

CWE-776

How to fix

Remediation Available

c3p0Debian

Fixed in:0.9.1.2-10.1~deb12u1CVE-2019-5427

Fixed in:0.9.1.2-10.1CVE-2019-5427

c3p0Ubuntu

Fixed in:0.9.1.2-9+deb8u1ubuntu0.14.04.1~esm1USN-7571-1

Fixed in:0.9.1.2-9+deb8u1ubuntu0.16.04.1~esm1USN-5293-2

Fixed in:0.9.1.2-9+deb8u1ubuntu0.18.04.1USN-5293-1

Fixed in:0.9.1.2-10ubuntu0.20.04.1USN-5293-1

libc3p0-javaUbuntu

Fixed in:0.9.1.2-9+deb8u1ubuntu0.14.04.1~esm1USN-7571-1

Fixed in:0.9.1.2-9+deb8u1ubuntu0.16.04.1~esm1USN-5293-2

Fixed in:0.9.1.2-9+deb8u1ubuntu0.18.04.1USN-5293-1

Fixed in:0.9.1.2-10ubuntu0.20.04.1USN-5293-1

TridentStack Control can deploy fixes like this automatically across your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet. See how it works

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorNetwork

Attack ComplexityLow

Privileges RequiredNone

User InteractionNone

ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityNone

IntegrityNone

AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Exploit Intelligence

4.88%probability of exploitation in 30 days

91stpercentile

High risk: more likely to be exploited than 91% of all known CVEs.

References

Patch1

hackerone.com

Third-Party Advisory7

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-776 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVE	Severity	CVSS	EPSS	Exploited	Fix
CVE-2009-1955	High	7.5	53%	-	Fix
CVE-2017-18640	High	7.5	27%	-	Fix
CVE-2019-11253	High	7.5	26%	-	Fix
CVE-2019-12401	High	7.5	7.5%	-	-
CVE-2023-20052	Medium	5.3	7.0%	-	Fix
CVE-2019-15903	High	7.5	6.7%	-	Fix

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-09-05.