CVE-2016-3081

Q: How do I fix CVE-2016-3081?

Upgrade struts to 2.3.24.3 or later.

Q: Is CVE-2016-3081 being actively exploited?

Yes. CVE-2016-3081 is listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, which means exploitation has been observed in the wild. US federal agencies were required to remediate it by 2026-10-11. Treat it as a priority whatever its CVSS score says.

Q: How severe is CVE-2016-3081?

CVE-2016-3081 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.1, rated high. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.

Q: What does CVE-2016-3081 affect?

Published advisories record a fix for struts (NVD). Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.

HIGHCISA KEVEPSS 100th pctl

8.1

CVSS v3

NVD

Description

Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.

CWE-77Command Injection

How to fix

Remediation Available

strutsNVD

Affected:>= 2.3.21, < 2.3.24.3Fixed in:2.3.24.3CVE-2016-3081derived from NVD

Affected:>= 2.3.25, < 2.3.28.1Fixed in:2.3.28.1CVE-2016-3081derived from NVD

Affected:>= 2.3.20, < 2.3.20.3Fixed in:2.3.20.3CVE-2016-3081derived from NVD

TridentStack Control can deploy fixes like this automatically across your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet. See how it works

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorNetwork

Attack ComplexityHigh

Privileges RequiredNone

User InteractionNone

ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityHigh

IntegrityHigh

AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Exploit Intelligence

96.05%probability of exploitation in 30 days

100thpercentile

Very high risk: more likely to be exploited than 100% of all known CVEs.

Known Exploited Vulnerability (CISA KEV)

Remediation due: 2026-10-11

References

Patch2

Exploit2

Third-Party Advisory7

Government Resource1

cisa.gov

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-77 (Command Injection) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVE	Severity	CVSS	EPSS	Exploited	Fix
CVE-2024-3400	Critical	10.0	100%	KEV + Ransom	-
CVE-2024-21887	Critical	9.1	100%	KEV + Ransom	-
CVE-2023-1671	Critical	9.8	100%	KEV	Fix
CVE-2023-1389	High	8.8	100%	KEV	Fix
CVE-2021-1498	Critical	9.8	100%	KEV	Fix
CVE-2012-1823	Critical	9.8	100%	KEV	Fix

Common questions

How do I fix CVE-2016-3081?

Upgrade struts to 2.3.24.3 or later.

Is CVE-2016-3081 being actively exploited?

Yes. CVE-2016-3081 is listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, which means exploitation has been observed in the wild. US federal agencies were required to remediate it by 2026-10-11. Treat it as a priority whatever its CVSS score says.

How severe is CVE-2016-3081?

CVE-2016-3081 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.1, rated high. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.

What does CVE-2016-3081 affect?

Published advisories record a fix for struts (NVD). Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.

Embed a live status badge for CVE-2016-3081

Markdown

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This vulnerability is actively exploited in the wild

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-10-09.