CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2026-28207

MEDIUM
6.6
CVSS v3
NVD

Description

Zen C is a systems programming language that compiles to human-readable GNU C/C11. Prior to version 0.4.2, a command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in the Zen C compiler allows local attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands by providing a specially crafted output filename via the `-o` command-line argument. The vulnerability existed in the `main` application logic (specifically in `src/main.c`), where the compiler constructed a shell command string to invoke the backend C compiler. This command string was built by concatenating various arguments, including the user-controlled output filename, and was subsequently executed using the `system()` function. Because `system()` invokes a shell to parse and execute the command, shell metacharacters within the output filename were interpreted by the shell, leading to arbitrary command execution. An attacker who can influence the command-line arguments passed to the `zc` compiler (like through a build script or a CI/CD pipeline configuration) can execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the user running the compiler. The vulnerability has been fixed in version 0.4.2 by removing `system()` calls, implementing `ArgList`, and internal argument handling. Users are advised to update to Zen C version v0.4.2 or later.

How to fix

Remediation Available
zen cNVD
Affected:< 0.4.2Fixed in:0.4.2CVE-2026-28207derived from NVD
Affected:< 0.4.2Fixed in:0.4.2CVE-2026-28207derived from NVD

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorLocal
Attack ComplexityLow
Privileges RequiredNone
User InteractionRequired
ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityLow
IntegrityHigh
AvailabilityLow

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L

Exploit Intelligence

0.94%probability of exploitation in 30 days
56thpercentile

Moderate risk: more likely to be exploited than 56% of all known CVEs.

References

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-78 (OS Command Injection) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVESeverityCVSSEPSSExploitedFix
CVE-2021-1498Critical9.8100%KEVFix
CVE-2014-6271Critical9.8100%KEVFix
CVE-2019-16920Critical9.8100%KEV-
CVE-2022-44877Critical9.8100%KEVFix
CVE-2020-8515Critical9.8100%KEV-
CVE-2020-9054Critical9.8100%KEVFix
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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-05-01.