CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2025-39901

HIGH
7.1
CVSS v3
NVD

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: i40e: remove read access to debugfs files The 'command' and 'netdev_ops' debugfs files are a legacy debugging interface supported by the i40e driver since its early days by commit 02e9c290814c ("i40e: debugfs interface"). Both of these debugfs files provide a read handler which is mostly useless, and which is implemented with questionable logic. They both use a static 256 byte buffer which is initialized to the empty string. In the case of the 'command' file this buffer is literally never used and simply wastes space. In the case of the 'netdev_ops' file, the last command written is saved here. On read, the files contents are presented as the name of the device followed by a colon and then the contents of their respective static buffer. For 'command' this will always be "<device>: ". For 'netdev_ops', this will be "<device>: <last command written>". But note the buffer is shared between all devices operated by this module. At best, it is mostly meaningless information, and at worse it could be accessed simultaneously as there doesn't appear to be any locking mechanism. We have also recently received multiple reports for both read functions about their use of snprintf and potential overflow that could result in reading arbitrary kernel memory. For the 'command' file, this is definitely impossible, since the static buffer is always zero and never written to. For the 'netdev_ops' file, it does appear to be possible, if the user carefully crafts the command input, it will be copied into the buffer, which could be large enough to cause snprintf to truncate, which then causes the copy_to_user to read beyond the length of the buffer allocated by kzalloc. A minimal fix would be to replace snprintf() with scnprintf() which would cap the return to the number of bytes written, preventing an overflow. A more involved fix would be to drop the mostly useless static buffers, saving 512 bytes and modifying the read functions to stop needing those as input. Instead, lets just completely drop the read access to these files. These are debug interfaces exposed as part of debugfs, and I don't believe that dropping read access will break any script, as the provided output is pretty useless. You can find the netdev name through other more standard interfaces, and the 'netdev_ops' interface can easily result in garbage if you issue simultaneous writes to multiple devices at once. In order to properly remove the i40e_dbg_netdev_ops_buf, we need to refactor its write function to avoid using the static buffer. Instead, use the same logic as the i40e_dbg_command_write, with an allocated buffer. Update the code to use this instead of the static buffer, and ensure we free the buffer on exit. This fixes simultaneous writes to 'netdev_ops' on multiple devices, and allows us to remove the now unused static buffer along with removing the read access.

How to fix

Remediation Available
linuxDebian
Fixed in:6.12.48-1CVE-2025-39901
Fixed in:6.16.6-1CVE-2025-39901
linuxUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-awsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-aws-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
linux-aws-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-azureUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57USN-8125-1
linux-azure-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1USN-8126-1
linux-azure-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.58+fips1USN-8165-1
linux-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-gcpUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-gcp-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-gcp-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-gkeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-gkeopUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1035.38USN-8095-1
linux-hwe-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-ibmUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49USN-8095-1
linux-ibm-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1029-xilinxUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1029.30USN-8261-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1035-gkeopUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1035.38USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1047-oracleUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1047-oracle-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1048-gkeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1048-gke-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1049-ibmUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1049-nvidiaUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1049-nvidia-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1049-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1049-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1050-awsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1050-aws-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1050-aws-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-6.8.0-1050-raspiUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.54USN-8095-5
linux-image-6.8.0-1051-azureUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1USN-8126-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57USN-8125-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1052-azure-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.58+fips1USN-8165-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1052-gcpUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1052-gcp-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1052-gcp-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-6.8.0-106-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-6.8.0-106-genericUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-106-generic-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-106-lowlatencyUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-106-lowlatency-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-2040-raspi-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-2040.41USN-8095-5
linux-image-6.8.1-1045-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1USN-8095-3
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46USN-8095-3
linux-image-awsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
linux-image-aws-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-aws-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-aws-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-aws-fips-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-azureUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1USN-8126-1
linux-image-azure-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1USN-8126-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57USN-8125-1
linux-image-azure-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.58+fips1USN-8165-1
linux-image-azure-fips-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.58+fips1USN-8165-1
linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57USN-8125-1
linux-image-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-fips-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-gcpUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-gcp-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-image-gcp-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-image-gcp-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-gcp-fips-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-image-genericUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-generic-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-generic-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-generic-lpaeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-gkeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-gke-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-gke-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-gke-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-gkeopUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1035.38USN-8095-1
linux-image-gkeop-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1035.38USN-8095-1
linux-image-ibmUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49USN-8095-1
linux-image-ibm-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49USN-8095-1
linux-image-ibm-classicUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49USN-8095-1
linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49USN-8095-1
linux-image-intel-iot-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46USN-8095-3
linux-image-intel-iotgUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-kvmUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-lowlatencyUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-lowlatency-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-nvidiaUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-oem-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oem-22.04aUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oem-22.04bUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oem-22.04cUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oem-22.04dUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oracleUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oracle-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-image-oracle-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-image-raspiUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.54USN-8095-5
linux-image-raspi-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.54USN-8095-5
linux-image-raspi-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-2040.41USN-8095-5
linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-2040.41USN-8095-5
linux-image-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46USN-8095-3
linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1USN-8095-3
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46USN-8095-3
linux-image-realtime-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1USN-8095-3
linux-image-virtualUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-virtual-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-xilinxUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0.1029.30USN-8261-1
linux-image-xilinx-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0.1029.30USN-8261-1
linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0.1029.30USN-8261-1
linux-lowlatencyUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-nvidiaUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-nvidia-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
linux-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-oracleUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-oracle-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-raspiUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.54USN-8095-5
linux-raspi-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-2040.41USN-8095-5
linux-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46USN-8095-3
linux-realtime-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1USN-8095-3
linux-xilinxUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1029.30USN-8261-1

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorLocal
Attack ComplexityLow
Privileges RequiredLow
User InteractionNone
ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityHigh
IntegrityNone
AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

Exploit Intelligence

0.14%probability of exploitation in 30 days
4thpercentile

Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 4% of all known CVEs.

References

Related Vulnerabilities

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CVE-2023-21769High7.592%-Fix
CVE-2023-49285High8.689%-Fix
CVE-2020-8794Critical9.889%-Fix
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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-01-14.