CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2025-39851

MEDIUM
5.5
CVSS v3
NVD

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vxlan: Fix NPD when refreshing an FDB entry with a nexthop object VXLAN FDB entries can point to either a remote destination or an FDB nexthop group. The latter is usually used in EVPN deployments where learning is disabled. However, when learning is enabled, an incoming packet might try to refresh an FDB entry that points to an FDB nexthop group and therefore does not have a remote. Such packets should be dropped, but they are only dropped after dereferencing the non-existent remote, resulting in a NPD [1] which can be reproduced using [2]. Fix by dropping such packets earlier. Remove the misleading comment from first_remote_rcu(). [1] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000 [...] CPU: 13 UID: 0 PID: 361 Comm: mausezahn Not tainted 6.17.0-rc1-virtme-g9f6b606b6b37 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:vxlan_snoop+0x98/0x1e0 [...] Call Trace: <TASK> vxlan_encap_bypass+0x209/0x240 encap_bypass_if_local+0xb1/0x100 vxlan_xmit_one+0x1375/0x17e0 vxlan_xmit+0x6b4/0x15f0 dev_hard_start_xmit+0x5d/0x1c0 __dev_queue_xmit+0x246/0xfd0 packet_sendmsg+0x113a/0x1850 __sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x70 __sys_sendto+0x126/0x180 __x64_sys_sendto+0x24/0x30 do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x260 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 [2] #!/bin/bash ip address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo ip address add 192.0.2.2/32 dev lo ip nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.3 fdb ip nexthop add id 10 group 1 fdb ip link add name vx0 up type vxlan id 10010 local 192.0.2.1 dstport 12345 localbypass ip link add name vx1 up type vxlan id 10020 local 192.0.2.2 dstport 54321 learning bridge fdb add 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev vx0 self static dst 192.0.2.2 port 54321 vni 10020 bridge fdb add 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee dev vx1 self static nhid 10 mausezahn vx0 -a 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 -c 1 -q

How to fix

Remediation Available
linuxDebian
Fixed in:6.12.48-1CVE-2025-39851
Fixed in:6.16.6-1CVE-2025-39851
linuxUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-awsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-aws-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
linux-aws-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-azureUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57USN-8125-1
linux-azure-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1USN-8126-1
linux-azure-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.58+fips1USN-8165-1
linux-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-gcpUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-gcp-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-gcp-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-gkeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-gkeopUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1035.38USN-8095-1
linux-hwe-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-ibmUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49USN-8095-1
linux-ibm-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1029-xilinxUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1029.30USN-8261-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1035-gkeopUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1035.38USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1047-oracleUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1047-oracle-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1048-gkeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1048-gke-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1049-ibmUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1049-nvidiaUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1049-nvidia-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1049-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1049-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1050-awsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1050-aws-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1050-aws-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-6.8.0-1050-raspiUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.54USN-8095-5
linux-image-6.8.0-1051-azureUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1USN-8126-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57USN-8125-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1052-azure-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.58+fips1USN-8165-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1052-gcpUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1052-gcp-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-1052-gcp-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-6.8.0-106-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-6.8.0-106-genericUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-106-generic-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-106-lowlatencyUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-106-lowlatency-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-6.8.0-2040-raspi-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-2040.41USN-8095-5
linux-image-6.8.1-1045-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1USN-8095-3
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46USN-8095-3
linux-image-awsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
linux-image-aws-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-aws-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1USN-8095-4
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-aws-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-aws-fips-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-azureUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1USN-8126-1
linux-image-azure-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1USN-8126-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57USN-8125-1
linux-image-azure-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.58+fips1USN-8165-1
linux-image-azure-fips-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.58+fips1USN-8165-1
linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57USN-8125-1
linux-image-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-fips-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-gcpUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-gcp-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-image-gcp-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-image-gcp-fipsUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-gcp-fips-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55+fips1USN-8095-2
linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1052.55USN-8095-1
linux-image-genericUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-generic-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-generic-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-generic-lpaeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-gkeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-gke-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-gke-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-gke-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1048.53USN-8095-1
linux-image-gkeopUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1035.38USN-8095-1
linux-image-gkeop-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1035.38USN-8095-1
linux-image-ibmUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49USN-8095-1
linux-image-ibm-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49USN-8095-1
linux-image-ibm-classicUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49USN-8095-1
linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.49USN-8095-1
linux-image-intel-iot-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46USN-8095-3
linux-image-intel-iotgUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-kvmUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-lowlatencyUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-lowlatency-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-nvidiaUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-image-oem-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oem-22.04aUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oem-22.04bUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oem-22.04cUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oem-22.04dUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oracleUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oracle-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-image-oracle-64kUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-image-raspiUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.54USN-8095-5
linux-image-raspi-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.54USN-8095-5
linux-image-raspi-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-2040.41USN-8095-5
linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-2040.41USN-8095-5
linux-image-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46USN-8095-3
linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1USN-8095-3
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46USN-8095-3
linux-image-realtime-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1USN-8095-3
linux-image-virtualUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-virtual-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106USN-8095-1
linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-image-xilinxUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0.1029.30USN-8261-1
linux-image-xilinx-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0.1029.30USN-8261-1
linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0.1029.30USN-8261-1
linux-lowlatencyUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1USN-8095-1
linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-nvidiaUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52USN-8100-1
linux-nvidia-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1USN-8100-1
linux-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1049.52.1USN-8100-1
linux-oracleUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48USN-8095-1
linux-oracle-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1USN-8095-1
linux-raspiUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1050.54USN-8095-5
linux-raspi-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-2040.41USN-8095-5
linux-realtimeUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46USN-8095-3
linux-realtime-6.8Ubuntu
Fixed in:6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1USN-8095-3
linux-xilinxUbuntu
Fixed in:6.8.0-1029.30USN-8261-1

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorLocal
Attack ComplexityLow
Privileges RequiredLow
User InteractionNone
ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityNone
IntegrityNone
AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Exploit Intelligence

0.14%probability of exploitation in 30 days
4thpercentile

Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 4% of all known CVEs.

References

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-476 (NULL Pointer Dereference) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVESeverityCVSSEPSSExploitedFix
CVE-2023-21758High7.592%-Fix
CVE-2023-21547High7.588%-Fix
CVE-2014-3470Medium4.386%-Fix
CVE-2021-44224High8.282%-Fix
CVE-2016-0742High7.582%-Fix
CVE-2009-1386Medium5.080%-Fix
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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-01-14.