Is CVE-2025-38414 in the CISA KEV catalog?

No. CVE-2025-38414 is not currently on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list.

What is the CVSS severity of CVE-2025-38414?

CVE-2025-38414 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (MEDIUM).

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2025-38414?

CVE-2025-38414 has an EPSS score of 0.15% (5th percentile), estimating the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2025-38414?

Upgrade linux on debian 13 to 6.12.35-1 or later. Fixes are available for 175 affected products.

CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2025-38414

MEDIUM

5.5

CVSS v3

NVD

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: ath12k: fix GCC_GCC_PCIE_HOT_RST definition for WCN7850 GCC_GCC_PCIE_HOT_RST is wrongly defined for WCN7850, causing kernel crash on some specific platforms. Since this register is divergent for WCN7850 and QCN9274, move it to register table to allow different definitions. Then correct the register address for WCN7850 to fix this issue. Note IPQ5332 is not affected as it is not PCIe based device. Tested-on: WCN7850 hw2.0 PCI WLAN.HMT.1.0.c5-00481-QCAHMTSWPL_V1.0_V2.0_SILICONZ-3

How to fix

Remediation Available

linuxDebian

Fixed in:6.12.35-1CVE-2025-38414

linuxUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100USN-8028-1

linux-awsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-aws-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-aws-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

linux-aws-fipsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49+fips1USN-8028-4

linux-azureUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.52USN-8074-1

linux-azure-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1USN-8126-1

linux-azure-fipsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.52+fips1USN-8074-2

linux-fipsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100+fips1USN-8028-4

linux-gcpUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50USN-8031-3

linux-gcp-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1016.17~24.04.1USN-7769-1

linux-gcp-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2USN-8031-1

linux-gcp-fipsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50+fips1USN-8031-2

linux-gkeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.48USN-8031-3

linux-gkeopUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1030.33USN-8028-5

linux-hwe-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-32.32~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-hwe-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

linux-ibmUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1044.44USN-8028-8

linux-ibm-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1044.44~22.04.1USN-8028-8

linux-image-6.14.0-1012-oemUbuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1012.12USN-7771-1

linux-image-6.14.0-1012-realtimeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1012.12~24.04.1USN-7769-2

linux-image-6.14.0-1013-awsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-6.14.0-1013-aws-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-6.14.0-1013-oracleUbuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7789-1

linux-image-6.14.0-1013-oracle-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7789-1

linux-image-6.14.0-1016-gcpUbuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1016.17~24.04.1USN-7769-1

linux-image-6.14.0-1016-gcp-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1016.17~24.04.1USN-7769-1

linux-image-6.14.0-32-genericUbuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-32.32~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-6.14.0-32-generic-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-32.32~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-6.8.0-100-fipsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100+fips1USN-8028-4

linux-image-6.8.0-100-genericUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100USN-8028-1

linux-image-6.8.0-100-generic-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100USN-8028-1

linux-image-6.8.0-100-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1USN-8028-6

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1USN-8052-1

linux-image-6.8.0-100-lowlatency-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1USN-8028-6

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1USN-8052-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1023-xilinxUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1023.24USN-8052-2

linux-image-6.8.0-1030-gkeopUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1030.33USN-8028-5

linux-image-6.8.0-1043-gkeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.48USN-8031-3

linux-image-6.8.0-1043-gke-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.48USN-8031-3

linux-image-6.8.0-1043-oracleUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44USN-8028-5

linux-image-6.8.0-1043-oracle-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44USN-8028-5

linux-image-6.8.0-1044-ibmUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1044.44~22.04.1USN-8028-8

Fixed in:6.8.0-1044.44USN-8028-8

linux-image-6.8.0-1046-awsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-image-6.8.0-1046-aws-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-image-6.8.0-1046-aws-fipsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49+fips1USN-8028-4

linux-image-6.8.0-1046-azureUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.52USN-8074-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1046-azure-fipsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.52+fips1USN-8074-2

linux-image-6.8.0-1046-nvidiaUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-image-6.8.0-1046-nvidia-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-image-6.8.0-1046-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49.1USN-8028-7

linux-image-6.8.0-1046-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49.1USN-8028-7

linux-image-6.8.0-1047-gcpUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2USN-8031-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50USN-8031-3

linux-image-6.8.0-1047-gcp-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2USN-8031-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50USN-8031-3

linux-image-6.8.0-1047-gcp-fipsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50+fips1USN-8031-2

linux-image-6.8.0-1047-raspiUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.51USN-8028-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1051-azureUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1USN-8126-1

linux-image-6.8.0-2037-raspi-realtimeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-2037.38USN-8028-3

linux-image-6.8.1-1041-realtimeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1USN-8028-2

Fixed in:6.8.1-1041.42USN-8028-3

linux-image-awsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-aws-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-aws-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-image-aws-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-aws-64k-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-image-aws-fipsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49+fips1USN-8028-4

linux-image-aws-fips-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49+fips1USN-8028-4

linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-image-azureUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1USN-8126-1

linux-image-azure-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1USN-8126-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.52USN-8074-1

linux-image-azure-fipsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.52+fips1USN-8074-2

linux-image-azure-fips-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.52+fips1USN-8074-2

linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.52USN-8074-1

linux-image-fipsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100+fips1USN-8028-4

linux-image-fips-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100+fips1USN-8028-4

linux-image-gcpUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2USN-8031-1

Fixed in:6.14.0-1016.17~24.04.1USN-7769-1

linux-image-gcp-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1016.17~24.04.1USN-7769-1

linux-image-gcp-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2USN-8031-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50USN-8031-3

linux-image-gcp-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2USN-8031-1

Fixed in:6.14.0-1016.17~24.04.1USN-7769-1

linux-image-gcp-64k-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1016.17~24.04.1USN-7769-1

linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2USN-8031-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50USN-8031-3

linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50USN-8031-3

linux-image-gcp-fipsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50+fips1USN-8031-2

linux-image-gcp-fips-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50+fips1USN-8031-2

linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.50USN-8031-3

linux-image-genericUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100USN-8028-1

linux-image-generic-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-32.32~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-generic-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100USN-8028-1

linux-image-generic-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100USN-8028-1

linux-image-generic-64k-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-32.32~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100USN-8028-1

linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-32.32~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-32.32~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-generic-lpaeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100USN-8028-1

linux-image-gkeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.48USN-8031-3

linux-image-gke-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.48USN-8031-3

linux-image-gke-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.48USN-8031-3

linux-image-gke-64k-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.48USN-8031-3

linux-image-gkeopUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1030.33USN-8028-5

linux-image-gkeop-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1030.33USN-8028-5

linux-image-ibmUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1044.44USN-8028-8

linux-image-ibm-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1044.44~22.04.1USN-8028-8

Fixed in:6.8.0-1044.44USN-8028-8

linux-image-ibm-classicUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1044.44USN-8028-8

linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1044.44USN-8028-8

linux-image-intel-iot-realtimeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.1-1041.42USN-8028-3

linux-image-intel-iotgUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100USN-8028-1

linux-image-kvmUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100USN-8028-1

linux-image-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1USN-8052-1

linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1USN-8028-6

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1USN-8052-1

linux-image-lowlatency-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1USN-8052-1

linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1USN-8028-6

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1USN-8052-1

linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1USN-8028-6

linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1USN-8028-6

linux-image-nvidiaUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-image-nvidia-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-image-nvidia-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49.1USN-8028-7

linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49.1USN-8028-7

linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49.1USN-8028-7

linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49.1USN-8028-7

linux-image-oem-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

linux-image-oem-22.04aUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

linux-image-oem-22.04bUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

linux-image-oem-22.04cUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

linux-image-oem-22.04dUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

linux-image-oem-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1012.12USN-7771-1

linux-image-oem-24.04aUbuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1012.12USN-7771-1

linux-image-oem-24.04bUbuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1012.12USN-7771-1

linux-image-oem-24.04cUbuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1012.12USN-7771-1

linux-image-oem-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1012.12USN-7771-1

linux-image-oracleUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7789-1

linux-image-oracle-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7789-1

linux-image-oracle-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44USN-8028-5

linux-image-oracle-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7789-1

linux-image-oracle-64k-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7789-1

linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1USN-8028-5

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44USN-8028-5

linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44USN-8028-5

linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44USN-8028-5

linux-image-raspiUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.51USN-8028-1

linux-image-raspi-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.51USN-8028-1

linux-image-raspi-realtimeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-2037.38USN-8028-3

linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-2037.38USN-8028-3

linux-image-realtimeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.1-1041.42USN-8028-3

linux-image-realtime-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1012.12~24.04.1USN-7769-2

linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1USN-8028-2

Fixed in:6.8.1-1041.42USN-8028-3

linux-image-realtime-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1USN-8028-2

linux-image-realtime-hwe-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1012.12~24.04.1USN-7769-2

linux-image-virtualUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100USN-8028-1

linux-image-virtual-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-32.32~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-virtual-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100USN-8028-1

linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1USN-8028-6

linux-image-virtual-hwe-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-32.32~24.04.1USN-7769-3

linux-image-xilinxUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0.1023.24USN-8052-2

linux-image-xilinx-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0.1023.24USN-8052-2

linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0.1023.24USN-8052-2

linux-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1USN-8052-1

linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1USN-8028-6

linux-nvidiaUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49USN-8028-5

linux-nvidia-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1USN-8028-5

linux-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1046.49.1USN-8028-7

linux-oem-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1012.12USN-7771-1

linux-oracleUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44USN-8028-5

linux-oracle-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1USN-7789-1

linux-oracle-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1USN-8028-5

linux-raspiUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1047.51USN-8028-1

linux-raspi-realtimeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-2037.38USN-8028-3

linux-realtimeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.1-1041.42USN-8028-3

linux-realtime-6.14Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.14.0-1012.12~24.04.1USN-7769-2

linux-realtime-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1USN-8028-2

linux-xilinxUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1023.24USN-8052-2

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorLocal

Attack ComplexityLow

Privileges RequiredLow

User InteractionNone

ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityNone

IntegrityNone

AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Exploit Intelligence

0.15%probability of exploitation in 30 days

5thpercentile

Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 5% of all known CVEs.

References

Patch3

Embed a live status badge for CVE-2025-38414

Markdown

[![CVE-2025-38414](https://tridentstack.com/cve/badge/CVE-2025-38414.svg)](https://tridentstack.com/cve/CVE-2025-38414)

HTML

<a href="https://tridentstack.com/cve/CVE-2025-38414"><img src="https://tridentstack.com/cve/badge/CVE-2025-38414.svg" alt="CVE-2025-38414"></a>

Find and fix vulnerabilities across your fleet

TridentStack Control continuously scans your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet for known vulnerabilities, prioritizes them by severity and active exploitation, and patches them automatically.

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-11-19.