Is CVE-2024-46795 in the CISA KEV catalog?

No. CVE-2024-46795 is not currently on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list.

What is the CVSS severity of CVE-2024-46795?

CVE-2024-46795 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (MEDIUM).

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2024-46795?

CVE-2024-46795 has an EPSS score of 0.28% (19th percentile), estimating the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2024-46795?

Upgrade linux on debian 12 to 6.1.112-1 or later. Fixes are available for 137 affected products.

CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2024-46795

MEDIUM

5.5

CVSS v3

NVD

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ksmbd: unset the binding mark of a reused connection Steve French reported null pointer dereference error from sha256 lib. cifs.ko can send session setup requests on reused connection. If reused connection is used for binding session, conn->binding can still remain true and generate_preauth_hash() will not set sess->Preauth_HashValue and it will be NULL. It is used as a material to create an encryption key in ksmbd_gen_smb311_encryptionkey. ->Preauth_HashValue cause null pointer dereference error from crypto_shash_update(). BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000 #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI CPU: 8 PID: 429254 Comm: kworker/8:39 Hardware name: LENOVO 20MAS08500/20MAS08500, BIOS N2CET69W (1.52 ) Workqueue: ksmbd-io handle_ksmbd_work [ksmbd] RIP: 0010:lib_sha256_base_do_update.isra.0+0x11e/0x1d0 [sha256_ssse3] <TASK> ? show_regs+0x6d/0x80 ? __die+0x24/0x80 ? page_fault_oops+0x99/0x1b0 ? do_user_addr_fault+0x2ee/0x6b0 ? exc_page_fault+0x83/0x1b0 ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x27/0x30 ? __pfx_sha256_transform_rorx+0x10/0x10 [sha256_ssse3] ? lib_sha256_base_do_update.isra.0+0x11e/0x1d0 [sha256_ssse3] ? __pfx_sha256_transform_rorx+0x10/0x10 [sha256_ssse3] ? __pfx_sha256_transform_rorx+0x10/0x10 [sha256_ssse3] _sha256_update+0x77/0xa0 [sha256_ssse3] sha256_avx2_update+0x15/0x30 [sha256_ssse3] crypto_shash_update+0x1e/0x40 hmac_update+0x12/0x20 crypto_shash_update+0x1e/0x40 generate_key+0x234/0x380 [ksmbd] generate_smb3encryptionkey+0x40/0x1c0 [ksmbd] ksmbd_gen_smb311_encryptionkey+0x72/0xa0 [ksmbd] ntlm_authenticate.isra.0+0x423/0x5d0 [ksmbd] smb2_sess_setup+0x952/0xaa0 [ksmbd] __process_request+0xa3/0x1d0 [ksmbd] __handle_ksmbd_work+0x1c4/0x2f0 [ksmbd] handle_ksmbd_work+0x2d/0xa0 [ksmbd] process_one_work+0x16c/0x350 worker_thread+0x306/0x440 ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10 kthread+0xef/0x120 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork+0x44/0x70 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30 </TASK>

CWE-476NULL Pointer Dereference

How to fix

Remediation Available

linuxDebian

Fixed in:6.1.112-1CVE-2024-46795

Fixed in:6.10.11-1CVE-2024-46795

linuxUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51USN-7154-1

linux-awsUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1072.78USN-7100-2

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.22USN-7154-1

linux-aws-5.15Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1072.78~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-aws-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.22~22.04.1USN-7154-1

linux-azureUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1075.84USN-7123-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.23USN-7196-1

linux-azure-5.15Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1078.87~20.04.1USN-7194-1

linux-azure-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.23~22.04.1USN-7196-1

linux-gcpUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1071.79USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21USN-7154-1

linux-gcp-5.15Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1071.79~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-gcp-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21~22.04.1USN-7154-1

linux-gkeUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1069.75USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1015.19USN-7154-1

linux-gkeopUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1055.62USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1002.4USN-7156-1

linux-gkeop-5.15Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1055.62~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-hwe-5.15Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-hwe-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51~22.04.1USN-7154-2

linux-ibmUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1065.68USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.17USN-7154-1

linux-ibm-5.15Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1065.68~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-1038-xilinx-zynqmpUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1038.42USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-1055-gkeopUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1055.62~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:5.15.0-1055.62USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-1065-ibmUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1065.68~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:5.15.0-1065.68USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-1065-raspiUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1065.68USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-1067-intel-iotgUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1067.73~20.04.1USN-7144-1

Fixed in:5.15.0-1067.73USN-7144-1

linux-image-5.15.0-1067-nvidiaUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1067.68USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-1067-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1067.68USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-1069-gkeUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1069.75USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-1069-kvmUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1069.74USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-1070-oracleUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1070.76~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:5.15.0-1070.76USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-1071-gcpUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1071.79~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:5.15.0-1071.79USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-1072-awsUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1072.78~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:5.15.0-1072.78USN-7100-2

linux-image-5.15.0-1075-azureUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1075.84USN-7123-1

linux-image-5.15.0-1078-azureUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1078.87~20.04.1USN-7194-1

linux-image-5.15.0-125-genericUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-125-generic-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-125-generic-lpaeUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-125-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135USN-7100-1

linux-image-5.15.0-125-lowlatency-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135USN-7100-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1002-gkeopUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1002.4USN-7156-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1015-gkeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1015.19USN-7154-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1016-raspiUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1016.18USN-7154-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1017-ibmUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.17USN-7154-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1017-oracleUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.18~22.04.1USN-7154-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.18USN-7154-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1017-oracle-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.18~22.04.1USN-7154-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.18USN-7154-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1018-oemUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1018.18USN-7154-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1019-gcpUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21~22.04.1USN-7154-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21USN-7154-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1019-nvidiaUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21~22.04.1USN-7155-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21USN-7155-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1019-nvidia-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21~22.04.1USN-7155-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21USN-7155-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1019-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21.1USN-7155-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1019-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21.1USN-7155-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1020-awsUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.22~22.04.1USN-7154-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.22USN-7154-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1020-azureUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.23~22.04.1USN-7196-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.23USN-7196-1

linux-image-6.8.0-1020-azure-fdeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.23~22.04.1USN-7196-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.23USN-7196-1

linux-image-6.8.0-50-genericUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51~22.04.1USN-7154-2

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51USN-7154-1

linux-image-6.8.0-50-generic-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51~22.04.1USN-7154-2

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51USN-7154-1

linux-image-6.8.0-50-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51.1~22.04.1USN-7154-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51.1USN-7154-1

linux-image-6.8.0-50-lowlatency-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51.1~22.04.1USN-7154-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51.1USN-7154-1

linux-image-awsUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1072.78~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.22~22.04.1USN-7154-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.22USN-7154-1

linux-image-aws-lts-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1072.72USN-7100-2

linux-image-azureUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1078.87~20.04.1USN-7194-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.23~22.04.1USN-7196-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.23USN-7196-1

linux-image-azure-cvmUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1078.87~20.04.1USN-7194-1

linux-image-azure-fdeUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.23~22.04.1USN-7196-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1020.23USN-7196-1

linux-image-azure-lts-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1075.73USN-7123-1

linux-image-gcpUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1071.79~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21~22.04.1USN-7154-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21USN-7154-1

linux-image-gcp-lts-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1071.67USN-7100-1

linux-image-genericUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.124USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51USN-7154-1

linux-image-generic-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.124USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51USN-7154-1

linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-20.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51~22.04.1USN-7154-2

linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51USN-7154-1

linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51~22.04.1USN-7154-2

linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51USN-7154-1

linux-image-generic-lpaeUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.124USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51USN-7154-1

linux-image-generic-lpae-hwe-20.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-image-gkeUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1069.68USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1015.19USN-7154-1

linux-image-gke-5.15Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1069.68USN-7100-1

linux-image-gkeopUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1055.54USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1002.4USN-7156-1

linux-image-gkeop-5.15Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1055.62~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:5.15.0.1055.54USN-7100-1

linux-image-gkeop-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1002.4USN-7156-1

linux-image-ibmUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1065.68~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:5.15.0.1065.61USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.17USN-7154-1

linux-image-ibm-classicUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.17USN-7154-1

linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.17USN-7154-1

linux-image-intelUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1067.73~20.04.1USN-7144-1

linux-image-intel-iotgUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1067.73~20.04.1USN-7144-1

Fixed in:5.15.0.1067.67USN-7144-1

linux-image-kvmUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1069.65USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51USN-7154-1

linux-image-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.113USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51.1USN-7154-1

linux-image-lowlatency-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.113USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51.1USN-7154-1

linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-20.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51.1~22.04.1USN-7154-1

linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51.1USN-7154-1

linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-20.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51.1~22.04.1USN-7154-1

linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51.1USN-7154-1

linux-image-nvidiaUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1067.67USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21USN-7155-1

linux-image-nvidia-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21~22.04.1USN-7155-1

linux-image-nvidia-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21USN-7155-1

linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21~22.04.1USN-7155-1

linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21~22.04.1USN-7155-1

linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21~22.04.1USN-7155-1

linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1067.67USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21.1USN-7155-1

linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21.1USN-7155-1

linux-image-oem-20.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-image-oem-20.04bUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-image-oem-20.04cUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-image-oem-20.04dUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-image-oem-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51~22.04.1USN-7154-2

linux-image-oem-22.04aUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51~22.04.1USN-7154-2

linux-image-oem-22.04bUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51~22.04.1USN-7154-2

linux-image-oem-22.04cUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51~22.04.1USN-7154-2

linux-image-oem-22.04dUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51~22.04.1USN-7154-2

linux-image-oem-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1018.18USN-7154-1

linux-image-oem-24.04aUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1018.18USN-7154-1

linux-image-oracleUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1070.76~20.04.1USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.18~22.04.1USN-7154-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.18USN-7154-1

linux-image-oracle-64kUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.18~22.04.1USN-7154-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.18USN-7154-1

linux-image-oracle-lts-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1070.66USN-7100-1

linux-image-raspiUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1065.63USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1016.18USN-7154-1

linux-image-raspi-nolpaeUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1065.63USN-7100-1

linux-image-virtualUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.124USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51USN-7154-1

linux-image-virtual-hwe-20.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51~22.04.1USN-7154-2

linux-image-virtual-hwe-24.04Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51USN-7154-1

linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0.1038.42USN-7100-1

linux-intel-iotgUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1067.73USN-7144-1

linux-intel-iotg-5.15Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1067.73~20.04.1USN-7144-1

linux-kvmUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1069.74USN-7100-1

linux-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51.1USN-7154-1

linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-125.135~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-50.51.1~22.04.1USN-7154-1

linux-nvidiaUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1067.68USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21USN-7155-1

linux-nvidia-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21~22.04.1USN-7155-1

linux-nvidia-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1019.21.1USN-7155-1

linux-oem-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1018.18USN-7154-1

linux-oracleUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1070.76USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.18USN-7154-1

linux-oracle-5.15Ubuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1070.76~20.04.1USN-7100-1

linux-oracle-6.8Ubuntu

Fixed in:6.8.0-1017.18~22.04.1USN-7154-1

linux-raspiUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1065.68USN-7100-1

Fixed in:6.8.0-1016.18USN-7154-1

linux-xilinx-zynqmpUbuntu

Fixed in:5.15.0-1038.42USN-7100-1

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorLocal

Attack ComplexityLow

Privileges RequiredLow

User InteractionNone

ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityNone

IntegrityNone

AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Exploit Intelligence

0.28%probability of exploitation in 30 days

19thpercentile

Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 19% of all known CVEs.

References

Patch5

Other references1

lists.debian.org

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-476 (NULL Pointer Dereference) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVE	Severity	CVSS	EPSS	Exploited	Fix
CVE-2023-21758	High	7.5	92%	-	Fix
CVE-2023-21547	High	7.5	88%	-	Fix
CVE-2014-3470	Medium	4.3	86%	-	Fix
CVE-2021-44224	High	8.2	82%	-	Fix
CVE-2016-0742	High	7.5	82%	-	Fix
CVE-2009-1386	Medium	5.0	80%	-	Fix

Embed a live status badge for CVE-2024-46795

Markdown

[![CVE-2024-46795](https://tridentstack.com/cve/badge/CVE-2024-46795.svg)](https://tridentstack.com/cve/CVE-2024-46795)

HTML

<a href="https://tridentstack.com/cve/CVE-2024-46795"><img src="https://tridentstack.com/cve/badge/CVE-2024-46795.svg" alt="CVE-2024-46795"></a>

Find and fix vulnerabilities across your fleet

TridentStack Control continuously scans your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet for known vulnerabilities, prioritizes them by severity and active exploitation, and patches them automatically.

Start free

This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-11-03.