CVE-2024-28121
HIGHEPSS 73th pctlDescription
stimulus_reflex is a system to extend the capabilities of both Rails and Stimulus by intercepting user interactions and passing them to Rails over real-time websockets. In affected versions more methods than expected can be called on reflex instances. Being able to call some of them has security implications. To invoke a reflex a websocket message of the following shape is sent: `\"target\":\"[class_name]#[method_name]\",\"args\":[]`. The server will proceed to instantiate `reflex` using the provided `class_name` as long as it extends `StimulusReflex::Reflex`. It then attempts to call `method_name` on the instance with the provided arguments. This is problematic as `reflex.method method_name` can be more methods that those explicitly specified by the developer in their reflex class. A good example is the instance_variable_set method. This vulnerability has been patched in versions 3.4.2 and 3.5.0.rc4. Users unable to upgrade should: see the backing GHSA advisory for mitigation advice.
How to fix
TridentStack Control can deploy fixes like this automatically across your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet. See how it works
Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.
CVSS v3 Vector
Exploitability
Impact
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploit Intelligence
Elevated risk: more likely to be exploited than 73% of all known CVEs.
References
Related Vulnerabilities
Other CWE-470 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | EPSS | Exploited | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2021-21985 | Critical | 9.8 | 100% | KEV + Ransom | Fix |
| CVE-2024-4990 | Critical | 9.1 | 80% | - | - |
| CVE-2024-0200 | High | 7.2 | 72% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2022-30287 | High | 8.0 | 70% | - | Fix |
| CVE-2025-3600 | High | 7.5 | 20% | - | - |
| CVE-2018-5511 | High | 7.2 | 15% | - | - |
Common questions
How do I fix CVE-2024-28121?
Upgrade stimulusrelfex to 3.4.2 or later.
Is CVE-2024-28121 being actively exploited?
Not that we know of. CVE-2024-28121 is not in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Its EPSS score of 1.6% is the estimated probability that it will be exploited in the next 30 days. That is higher than 73% of all scored CVEs.
How severe is CVE-2024-28121?
CVE-2024-28121 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.8, rated high. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.
What does CVE-2024-28121 affect?
Published advisories record a fix for stimulusrelfex (NVD). Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.
Embed a live status badge for CVE-2024-28121
Markdown
[](https://tridentstack.com/cve/CVE-2024-28121)HTML
<a href="https://tridentstack.com/cve/CVE-2024-28121"><img src="https://tridentstack.com/cve/badge/CVE-2024-28121.svg" alt="CVE-2024-28121"></a>Find and fix vulnerabilities across your fleet
TridentStack Control continuously scans your Windows, macOS, and Linux fleet for known vulnerabilities, prioritizes them by severity and active exploitation, and patches them automatically.
This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2025-12-03.