Is CVE-2023-28531 in the CISA KEV catalog?

No. CVE-2023-28531 is not currently on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list.

What is the CVSS severity of CVE-2023-28531?

CVE-2023-28531 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL).

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2023-28531?

CVE-2023-28531 has an EPSS score of 2.22% (80th percentile), estimating the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2023-28531?

Upgrade openssh on debian 12 to 1:9.2p1-2+deb12u2 or later. Fixes are available for 4 affected products.

CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2023-28531

CRITICALEPSS 80th pctl

9.8

CVSS v3

NVD

Description

ssh-add in OpenSSH before 9.3 adds smartcard keys to ssh-agent without the intended per-hop destination constraints. The earliest affected version is 8.9.

CWE-284Improper Access Control

How to fix

Remediation Available

opensshDebian

Fixed in:1:9.2p1-2+deb12u2CVE-2023-28531

Fixed in:1:9.3p1-1CVE-2023-28531

opensshUbuntu

Fixed in:1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.10USN-6560-1

Fixed in:1:8.9p1-3ubuntu0.5USN-6560-1

Fixed in:1:9.0p1-1ubuntu8.6USN-6560-1

Fixed in:1:9.3p1-1ubuntu3.1USN-6560-1

openssh-clientUbuntu

Fixed in:1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.10USN-6560-1

Fixed in:1:8.9p1-3ubuntu0.5USN-6560-1

Fixed in:1:9.0p1-1ubuntu8.6USN-6560-1

Fixed in:1:9.3p1-1ubuntu3.1USN-6560-1

openssh-serverUbuntu

Fixed in:1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.10USN-6560-1

Fixed in:1:8.9p1-3ubuntu0.5USN-6560-1

Fixed in:1:9.0p1-1ubuntu8.6USN-6560-1

Fixed in:1:9.3p1-1ubuntu3.1USN-6560-1

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorNetwork

Attack ComplexityLow

Privileges RequiredNone

User InteractionNone

ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityHigh

IntegrityHigh

AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Exploit Intelligence

2.22%probability of exploitation in 30 days

80thpercentile

Elevated risk: more likely to be exploited than 80% of all known CVEs.

References

Third-Party Advisory2

Mailing List1

openwall.com

Other references4

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVE	Severity	CVSS	EPSS	Exploited	Fix
CVE-2023-27350	Critical	9.8	100%	KEV + Ransom	Fix
CVE-2019-1653	High	7.5	100%	KEV	-
CVE-2023-23752	Medium	5.3	100%	KEV	Fix
CVE-2023-29298	High	7.5	100%	KEV	-
CVE-2023-38205	High	7.5	100%	KEV	-
CVE-2024-27348	Critical	9.8	99%	KEV	Fix

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-05-28.