Is CVE-2016-3157 in the CISA KEV catalog?

No. CVE-2016-3157 is not currently on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list.

What is the CVSS severity of CVE-2016-3157?

CVE-2016-3157 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (HIGH).

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2016-3157?

CVE-2016-3157 has an EPSS score of 0.51% (40th percentile), estimating the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2016-3157?

Upgrade linux on debian 11 to 4.5.1-1 or later. Fixes are available for 46 affected products.

CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2016-3157

HIGH

7.8

CVSS v3

NVD

Description

The __switch_to function in arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c in the Linux kernel does not properly context-switch IOPL on 64-bit PV Xen guests, which allows local guest OS users to gain privileges, cause a denial of service (guest OS crash), or obtain sensitive information by leveraging I/O port access.

CWE-264Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls

How to fix

Remediation Available

linuxDebian

Fixed in:4.5.1-1CVE-2016-3157

linuxUbuntu

Fixed in:3.13.0-86.130USN-2968-1

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39USN-2965-1

linux-image-3.13.0-86-genericUbuntu

Fixed in:3.13.0-86.130USN-2968-1

linux-image-3.13.0-86-generic-lpaeUbuntu

Fixed in:3.13.0-86.130USN-2968-1

linux-image-3.13.0-86-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:3.13.0-86.130USN-2968-1

linux-image-3.13.0-86-powerpc-e500Ubuntu

Fixed in:3.13.0-86.130USN-2968-1

linux-image-3.13.0-86-powerpc-e500mcUbuntu

Fixed in:3.13.0-86.130USN-2968-1

linux-image-3.13.0-86-powerpc-smpUbuntu

Fixed in:3.13.0-86.130USN-2968-1

linux-image-3.13.0-86-powerpc64-embUbuntu

Fixed in:3.13.0-86.130USN-2968-1

linux-image-3.13.0-86-powerpc64-smpUbuntu

Fixed in:3.13.0-86.130USN-2968-1

linux-image-3.16.0-71-genericUbuntu

Fixed in:3.16.0-71.91~14.04.1USN-2969-1

linux-image-3.16.0-71-generic-lpaeUbuntu

Fixed in:3.16.0-71.91~14.04.1USN-2969-1

linux-image-3.16.0-71-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:3.16.0-71.91~14.04.1USN-2969-1

linux-image-3.16.0-71-powerpc-e500mcUbuntu

Fixed in:3.16.0-71.91~14.04.1USN-2969-1

linux-image-3.16.0-71-powerpc-smpUbuntu

Fixed in:3.16.0-71.91~14.04.1USN-2969-1

linux-image-3.16.0-71-powerpc64-embUbuntu

Fixed in:3.16.0-71.91~14.04.1USN-2969-1

linux-image-3.16.0-71-powerpc64-smpUbuntu

Fixed in:3.16.0-71.91~14.04.1USN-2969-1

linux-image-3.19.0-59-genericUbuntu

Fixed in:3.19.0-59.65~14.04.1USN-2970-1

linux-image-3.19.0-59-generic-lpaeUbuntu

Fixed in:3.19.0-59.65~14.04.1USN-2970-1

linux-image-3.19.0-59-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:3.19.0-59.65~14.04.1USN-2970-1

linux-image-3.19.0-59-powerpc-e500mcUbuntu

Fixed in:3.19.0-59.65~14.04.1USN-2970-1

linux-image-3.19.0-59-powerpc-smpUbuntu

Fixed in:3.19.0-59.65~14.04.1USN-2970-1

linux-image-3.19.0-59-powerpc64-embUbuntu

Fixed in:3.19.0-59.65~14.04.1USN-2970-1

linux-image-3.19.0-59-powerpc64-smpUbuntu

Fixed in:3.19.0-59.65~14.04.1USN-2970-1

linux-image-4.2.0-36-genericUbuntu

Fixed in:4.2.0-36.41~14.04.1USN-2971-2

linux-image-4.2.0-36-generic-lpaeUbuntu

Fixed in:4.2.0-36.41~14.04.1USN-2971-2

linux-image-4.2.0-36-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:4.2.0-36.41~14.04.1USN-2971-2

linux-image-4.2.0-36-powerpc-e500mcUbuntu

Fixed in:4.2.0-36.41~14.04.1USN-2971-2

linux-image-4.2.0-36-powerpc-smpUbuntu

Fixed in:4.2.0-36.41~14.04.1USN-2971-2

linux-image-4.2.0-36-powerpc64-embUbuntu

Fixed in:4.2.0-36.41~14.04.1USN-2971-2

linux-image-4.2.0-36-powerpc64-smpUbuntu

Fixed in:4.2.0-36.41~14.04.1USN-2971-2

linux-image-4.4.0-1010-raspi2Ubuntu

Fixed in:4.4.0-1010.12USN-2965-3

linux-image-4.4.0-1013-snapdragonUbuntu

Fixed in:4.4.0-1013.14USN-2965-4

linux-image-4.4.0-22-genericUbuntu

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39~14.04.1USN-2965-2

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39USN-2965-1

linux-image-4.4.0-22-generic-lpaeUbuntu

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39~14.04.1USN-2965-2

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39USN-2965-1

linux-image-4.4.0-22-lowlatencyUbuntu

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39~14.04.1USN-2965-2

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39USN-2965-1

linux-image-4.4.0-22-powerpc-e500mcUbuntu

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39~14.04.1USN-2965-2

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39USN-2965-1

linux-image-4.4.0-22-powerpc-smpUbuntu

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39~14.04.1USN-2965-2

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39USN-2965-1

linux-image-4.4.0-22-powerpc64-embUbuntu

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39~14.04.1USN-2965-2

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39USN-2965-1

linux-image-4.4.0-22-powerpc64-smpUbuntu

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39~14.04.1USN-2965-2

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39USN-2965-1

linux-lts-utopicUbuntu

Fixed in:3.16.0-71.91~14.04.1USN-2969-1

linux-lts-vividUbuntu

Fixed in:3.19.0-59.65~14.04.1USN-2970-1

linux-lts-wilyUbuntu

Fixed in:4.2.0-36.41~14.04.1USN-2971-2

linux-lts-xenialUbuntu

Fixed in:4.4.0-22.39~14.04.1USN-2965-2

linux-raspi2Ubuntu

Fixed in:4.4.0-1010.12USN-2965-3

linux-snapdragonUbuntu

Fixed in:4.4.0-1013.14USN-2965-4

Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v3 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorLocal

Attack ComplexityLow

Privileges RequiredLow

User InteractionNone

ScopeUnchanged

Impact

ConfidentialityHigh

IntegrityHigh

AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Exploit Intelligence

0.51%probability of exploitation in 30 days

40thpercentile

Low risk: more likely to be exploited than 40% of all known CVEs.

References

Patch1

xenbits.xen.org

Other references13

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-264 (Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls) vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVE	Severity	CVSS	EPSS	Exploited	Fix
CVE-2012-1456	Medium	4.3	100%	-	-
CVE-2012-1459	Medium	4.3	100%	-	Fix
CVE-2012-1446	Medium	4.3	100%	-	-
CVE-2012-1443	Medium	4.3	100%	-	-
CVE-2012-1442	Medium	4.3	99%	-	-
CVE-2012-1457	Medium	4.3	98%	-	Fix

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-05-06.