CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

417,597 CVEs1,767 actively exploited (KEV)

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Active:
  • CVSS 6.8 v3·EPSS 0.2%·No fix yet

    Python Social Auth is a social authentication and registration mechanism. Prior to 6.2.0, OpenIdConnectAuth in social_core/backends/open_id_connect.py uses get_and_store_nonce to place the OpenID Connect nonce in a shared OpenIdConnectAssociation table, and get_nonce and validate_claims verify only that the nonce exists and has not expired rather than binding it to the browser session and OAuth state that initiated the login. An attacker who obtains a victim's unused authorization code can start a separate login to obtain valid state for the attacker's browser, submit the victim's code with that state, and pass nonce validation because the victim nonce is globally available. With DEFAULT_USE_PKCE disabled in the default OpenIdConnectAuth configuration, the attacker can be logged in as the

    Published 2026-10-26

  • CVSS 8.1 v3·EPSS 0.2%·No fix yet

    OpenHuman is an open-source agent harness available as a desktop application and Rust library. Versions before 0.56.0 allow cross-site request forgery against the unauthenticated GET /auth/telegram loopback callback because telegram_auth_handler consumes an attacker-supplied one-time Telegram login token and passes the returned JWT to credentials::ops::store_session without validating browser fetch metadata or the request origin. An attacker with an OpenHuman account can cause a user with the local core running to visit a malicious page that requests the /auth/telegram endpoint on loopback port 7788, switching the user's active local session to the attacker's backend account and exposing subsequent agent actions, memory writes, and Telegram messages associated with that session to the atta

    Published 2026-10-16

  • CVSS 8.1 v3·EPSS 0.4%·No fix yet

    WeGIA is a web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.8.6, the auto-prepended web/html/seguranca/sessionStart.php reflects an attacker-supplied PHPSESSID cookie in a Set-Cookie response and uses DB_HOST as the cookie domain. If a victim authenticates while using the attacker-selected identifier, the attacker can reuse that identifier to hijack the authenticated session. The response also discloses the internal database host name through the cookie Domain attribute, and the vulnerable session handler affects all PHP pages. This issue is fixed in version 3.8.6.

    Published 2026-10-14

  • CVSS 7.3 v3·EPSS 0.2%·No fix yet

    Session Fixation vulnerability in VideoWhisper.com Broadcast Live Video videowhisper-live-streaming-integration allows Session Hijacking.This issue affects Broadcast Live Video: from n/a through 7.3.2.

    Published 2026-10-14

  • CVSS 9.1 v3·EPSS 0.3%·Fix available

    IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 26.0.0.10 is vulnerable by an authentication bypass vulnerability when samlWeb-2.0 feature is enabled.

    Published 2026-10-13

  • CVSS 8.8 v3·EPSS 0.4%·No fix yet

    Omnispace Agora Project before 26.10.0 contains a session fixation vulnerability that allows remote attackers to hijack authenticated sessions by planting a known session identifier in a victim's browser prior to login. Attackers can exploit the application's failure to regenerate the session id upon successful authentication to gain unauthorized access to the victim's authenticated session after they log in.

    Published 2026-10-13

  • CVSS 9.1 v3·EPSS 0.3%·No fix yet

    An issue in ProPhoenix Law RMS v2022.2403.3.101 allows attackers to execute a session hijacking attack via injecting a crafted 24-character string into the ASP.NET_SessionId cookie.

    Published 2026-10-13

  • CVSS 6.8 v3·EPSS 0.3%·No fix yet

    The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. From 2.1.0 until 3.0.14, the default ThreadSafeCookieStore does not retain whether a Set-Cookie response used a secure transport. It accepts Secure cookies received over plaintext and permits insecure cookies to overlay or delete existing Secure cookies with matching scope. An attacker controlling a plaintext same-site response can consequently plant, replace, or remove cookie state later sent to an HTTPS origin, enabling session fixation, CSRF-token replacement, or loss of security-relevant state. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.14.

    Published 2026-10-12

  • CVSS 4.0 v3·EPSS 0.3%·No fix yet

    The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. From 2.16.0 until 3.0.14, ThreadSafeCookieStore incompletely validates cookie Domain attributes. Missing private-section and default public-suffix rules, absent A-label normalization, locale-sensitive lowercasing, public-suffix host-only handling, and numeric or IP host checks allow one origin to store a cookie later sent to another origin. Applications sharing one client across trust domains can therefore receive attacker-injected cookies and may be exposed to session fixation. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.14.

    Published 2026-10-07

  • CVSS 9.1 v3·EPSS 0.7%·Fix available

    : Session Fixation / Session Reuse across Users vulnerability in Apache Jackrabbit. Jackrabbit WebDAV server attaches a cached authenticated session on any Lock-Token/TransactionId/SubscriptionId/If-header field token match with no credential check. This issue affects Apache Jackrabbit: from 2.23.0 through 2.23.5, from 2.22.0 through 2.22.4, from 2.20.0 through 2.20.17. Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 2.23.6, 2.22.5, or 2.20.18 which fix the issue.

    Published 2026-10-07

  • CVSS 6.3 v3·EPSS 0.2%·No fix yet

    A vulnerability has been found in kishor-23 food-waste-management-system 411989e3ecb82895e53dca7865f72145f03d7d93/b3a70b2c492dc9904de5be1ad9389bd79b87f82c. This affects an unknown function of the file login.php of the component Login Flow. Such manipulation of the argument PHPSESSID leads to session fixiation. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product does not use versioning. This is why information about affected and unaffected releases are unavailable. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

    Published 2026-10-05

  • CVSS 6.8 v3·EPSS 0.3%·No fix yet

    YesWiki before 4.6.7 contains a session fixation vulnerability that allows attackers to hijack authenticated sessions because login does not regenerate the PHP session ID. Attackers who set or learn a victim's pre-authentication YesWiki-* session cookie can reuse it after login to access private content and perform actions with the victim's privileges.

    Published 2026-10-02

  • CriticalKEV
    CVSS 9.8 v3·EPSS 22%·No fix yet

    Zammad versions 6.3.0 to 6.5.4 are vulnerable a session hijack vulnerability that leads to remote code execution as the zammad user. The bug is also present in version 7.0.0 to version 7.1.2, but not exploitable due to changes in the underlying framework.

    Published 2026-09-30

  • CVSS 7.1 v3·EPSS 0.3%·No fix yet

    The application accepts user-supplied session identifiers and does not regenerate the session ID after authentication. This allows an attacker to predefine a session ID and reuse it after victim authentication, resulting in session takeover.

    Published 2026-09-29

  • CVSS 1.7 v4·EPSS 0.2%·No fix yet

    If an attacker is able to convince a victim on a specially crafted link, the victim is logged in to the attacker's customer account. If the victim does not notice this, this might lead to their order details being stored into the attacker's account. The attack only works when the event is available on a different domain than the organizer page.

    Published 2026-09-29

  • CVSS 9.8 v3·EPSS 0.5%·Fix available

    Session fixation in HTTP management authentication allows remote attackers to gain unauthorized access to an authenticated management session via reuse of a session identifier retained across successful authentication. This issue affects Apache Qpid Broker-J: through 10.1.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 10.1.1, which fixes the issue.

    Published 2026-09-25

  • CVSS 4.2 v3·EPSS 0.2%·Fix available

    Python Social Auth is a social authentication/registration mechanism. Prior to version 5.0.0, the partial-pipeline resume mechanism accepted `partial_token` as a bearer credential without binding it to the browser session that created it. Applications using resumable partial pipeline steps could allow an attacker to start an authentication flow, obtain a valid partial token and verification data, and cause a victim's browser to resume that attacker-controlled flow. This could authenticate the victim's browser as the attacker's account. The issue affects applications using partial pipeline steps such as `mail_validation` or custom steps decorated with `@partial`. The issue has been fixed in version 5.0.0 by binding partial pipeline resumes to the originating browser session.

    Published 2026-09-24

  • CVSS 4.3 v3·EPSS 0.7%·No fix yet

    A vulnerability was determined in Mstfakts College-Management-System. This affects the function session_start of the file Front-end/server.php of the component Authentication. Executing a manipulation can lead to session fixiation. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This product takes the approach of rolling releases to provide continious delivery. Therefore, version details for affected and updated releases are not available. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

    Published 2026-09-22

  • CVSS 6.8 v3·EPSS 0.3%·No fix yet

    webpy web.py 0.76 is vulnerable to Session Fixation. The component Session._load() reads session_id directly from the request cookie and loads that session from the store, and _save() writes back under the same session_id; no rotation after authentication, so a fixed session_id keeps the authenticated state.

    Published 2026-09-22

  • CVSS 7.1 v3·EPSS 0.2%·No fix yet

    Hatchet is a platform for orchestrating background tasks, AI agents, and durable workflows at scale. Prior to 0.91.1, ValidateOAuthState clears the oauth_state_ session value to an empty string after a successful OAuth callback and later accepts an empty state parameter as equal, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to bind a victim's Hatchet session to an attacker-controlled OAuth identity. Exploitation requires the victim to have completed an OAuth flow in the current session and the deployment to enable auth.google.enabled, auth.github.enabled, or the Slack integration. This issue is fixed in version 0.91.1.

    Published 2026-09-21

  • CVSS 4.2 v3·EPSS 0.7%·No fix yet

    When a request to the Airflow core API carries both a session cookie and an explicit `Authorization: Bearer` token, Airflow resolves the caller from the cookie and ignores the bearer token, inverting the intended precedence of bearer over cookie. The request then executes -- and is recorded in the audit log -- as the cookie's principal rather than the identity the client explicitly presented. Only Apache Airflow 3.3.0 and 3.3.1 are affected. Earlier releases do not contain the code path that caches the cookie-derived user, and are not vulnerable. Exploiting this requires an attacker to first place a valid session cookie of their own into the victim's browser or client: for example by cookie tossing from a sibling subdomain, through cross-site scripting in a separate application sharing a

    Published 2026-09-21

  • CVSS 3.7 v3·EPSS 0.3%·No fix yet

    SysReptor is a fully customizable pentest reporting platform. Prior to 2026.68, the password authentication flow for protected shared notes does not rotate the session identifier after successful authentication, allowing session fixation. An attacker who can obtain an unauthenticated SysReptor session cookie, place it in a victim's browser, and know the shared-note URL where the victim authenticates can reuse the fixed session after the victim enters the correct password and access that shared note. The main SysReptor login flow is not affected. This issue is fixed in version 2026.68.

    Published 2026-09-18

  • CVSS 7.4 v4·EPSS 0.7%·No fix yet

    Session Fixation vulnerability in team-alembic ash_authentication allows an attacker who can plant a session identifier in a victim's browser to hold an authenticated session once that victim signs in. AshAuthentication.Plug.Helpers.store_in_session/2 writes the authenticated subject into the existing session with Plug.Conn.put_session/3 and never calls Plug.Conn.configure_session(renew: true), so the identifier the visitor arrived with carries into their authenticated session. Every authentication event reaches this one function: the default success/4 injected by AshAuthentication.Phoenix.Controller.__using__/1, the AuthController emitted by mix ash_authentication_phoenix.install, and remember-me auto-login. AshAuthentication.Phoenix.Plug.store_in_session/2 is a defdelegate to it. Logout

    Published 2026-09-17

  • CVSS 8.1 v3·EPSS 0.5%·No fix yet

    HUBzero CMS through 2.2.32 accepts session identifiers from query strings and request variables instead of cookies alone, allowing unauthenticated attackers to fixate victim sessions. Attackers can obtain a valid session identifier, send victims a crafted link containing it, and replay the identifier after the victim authenticates to hijack their account and access.

    Published 2026-09-17

  • CVSS 8.8 v3·EPSS 0.5%·No fix yet

    Opencast is a free, open-source platform to support the management of educational audio and video content. Prior to versions 19.7 and 20.2, the default security configuration in etc/security/mh_default_org.xml accepts a client-selected JSESSIONID from the ;jsessionid= URL path parameter and does not replace it when the victim logs in. An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted link to a victim whose browser has no active Opencast session cookie, wait for the victim to authenticate, and then reuse the known identifier as the victim's authenticated session. This can expose the victim's data and actions and can produce full administrative account takeover when the victim is an administrator. This issue is fixed in versions 19.7 and 20.2.

    Published 2026-09-17

  • CVSS 8.0 v3·EPSS 0.3%·No fix yet

    For users authenticated through SAML or OpenID Connect (OIDC), this vulnerability can result in one user receiving another user's authenticated session when multiple SSO login attempts occur concurrently

    Published 2026-09-17

  • CVSS 7.4 v3·EPSS 0.4%·No fix yet

    djust provides Phoenix LiveView-style reactive server-side rendering for Django with Rust-powered performance. Prior to version 1.0.7, SSE sessions were keyed solely by a client-chosen `session_id` with no binding to the authenticated user — a control the WebSocket transport has but that was dropped on SSE. An attacker who learns (or a victim who leaks) a `session_id` could connect to the message endpoint and dispatch event handlers that execute with the victim's identity and state. This is fixed in djust 1.0.7. Each SSE session is bound to its owning principal at creation and cross-principal access is rejected; SSE session creation is additionally capped per principal. As a workaround, disable the SSE transport.

    Published 2026-09-16

  • CVSS 6.8 v3·EPSS 0.4%·No fix yet

    Http4s is a Scala interface for HTTP services. Prior to 0.23.35 and 1.0.0-M47, The CookieJar client middleware stores a response cookie’s Domain attribute without checking that it domain-matches the host that supplied the cookie or rejecting public suffixes. A malicious or compromised server contacted through the same CookieJar can plant a cookie for another domain, and the jar later sends that cookie to the victim domain, enabling session fixation or overwriting security-sensitive cookies. The patch validates the Set-Cookie domain against the response origin, although public-suffix rejection remains unimplemented. This issue is fixed in versions 0.23.35 and 1.0.0-M47.

    Published 2026-09-15

  • CVSS 8.3 v3·EPSS 0.4%·No fix yet

    Session fixation vulnerability in Secomea GateManager (webserver module) allows Session Fixation. This issue affects GateManager: 11.5;0, 11.4.625515072:0. Fixed in Version 11.6 or 11.4.626194074 and above

    Published 2026-09-15

  • CVSS 5.3 v4·EPSS 0.5%·No fix yet

    tirreno, a security framework, has a session fixation issue in versions prior to 0.10.0. During authentication, tirreno validates the user's credentials and establishes the authenticated session, but it does not call `session_regenerate_id()` afterward. As a result, the session identifier is not rotated on login, it stays the same before and after authentication. An attacker able to fix a known session identifier in a victim's browser (for example through a network man-in-the-middle position, or a separate cross-site scripting or subdomain cookie-injection issue) could then gain access to the victim's authenticated session. The issue is fixed in v0.10.0. The session identifier is now regenerated on successful authentication, and the previous session is destroyed. There is no configuration-

    Published 2026-09-09

  • CVSS 6.3 v3·EPSS 0.4%·No fix yet

    A vulnerability was found in ningzichun Student Management System up to 98760f5711cf6dc8b4adca53a9e207ca49b02ebf. Affected by this vulnerability is the function session_start of the file login.php. The manipulation results in session fixiation. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. This product does not use versioning. This is why information about affected and unaffected releases are unavailable. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

    Published 2026-09-08

  • CVSS 7.4 v3·EPSS 0.2%·Fix available

    Photoshop Mobile is affected by a Session Fixation vulnerability that could result in privilege escalation. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to gain access to sensitive resources. Exploit depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must interact with a malicious webpage. Scope is changed.

    Published 2026-09-08

  • CVSS 6.3 v3·EPSS 0.4%·No fix yet

    A vulnerability was determined in SourceCodester Syllabus-Aligned Learning Management & Examination System 1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file auth_process.php of the component Login. This manipulation causes session fixiation. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.

    Published 2026-09-07

  • CVSS 9.8 v3·EPSS 0.6%·No fix yet

    An issue in HubCore v.14.1.1 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the HUBCOREID session cookie handling component.

    Published 2026-09-04

  • CVSS 6.8 v3·EPSS 0.3%·No fix yet

    MISP contains a session fixation vulnerability in the CustomAuth authentication (a custom configuration) flow. When a user was successfully authenticated through CustomAuth, MISP stored the authenticated user identity in the existing session without first rotating the session identifier. As a result, if an attacker can cause a victim to use a session identifier known to the attacker before authentication, that same session identifier remains valid after the victim successfully authenticates. The attacker could subsequently reuse the fixed session identifier to access the victim's authenticated MISP session, potentially gaining the privileges associated with the victim's account. The issue occurs because __customAuthentication() wrote the authenticated user into the existing CakePHP ses

    Published 2026-09-03

  • CVSS 7.3 v3·EPSS 0.4%·Fix available

    In Jenkins 2.579 and earlier, LTS 2.568.2 and earlier, Jenkins does not rotate the session when a user is authenticated via the "remember me" cookie, allowing attackers able to serve content on the same site as Jenkins to set a known session cookie in the victim's browser, which after the victim authenticates via the "remember me" cookie, grants the attacker access to Jenkins as that user.

    Published 2026-09-02

  • CVSS 9.9 v3·EPSS 0.5%·No fix yet

    IBM Administration Runtime Expert for i 1R1M0 IBM Application Runtime Expert (ARE) for i could allow a remote attacker to gain elevated privileges, caused by ARE GUI component processing. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute actions under another user's authenticated profile gaining elevated privileges on the IBM i system.

    Published 2026-08-28

  • CVSS 9.1 v4·EPSS 0.4%·No fix yet

    Affected versions of Flowintel do not revoke existing authenticated sessions when a user’s password is changed. This means that if an attacker already possesses a valid session—for example, from prior access or a stolen session token—the victim changing their password does not terminate that attacker’s access. The session remains usable until it expires naturally. The upstream commit describes this directly as: “session keeps working until it expires.” The fix detects password changes and explicitly invokes _invalidate_user_sessions(user.id) after the database update. This is applied in both edit_user_core() and admin_edit_user_core(). Version impacted >=3.3.0

    Published 2026-08-27

  • CVSS 6.7 v3·EPSS 0.2%·No fix yet

    Ghost is a Node.js content management system. From 2.2.0 until 6.54.1, Ghost Admin did not invalidate existing sessions on login which could have allowed for session fixation attacks. Successful exploitation would have required another vulnerability on the same domain where Ghost Admin was hosted. This issue is fixed in version 6.54.1.

    Published 2026-08-04

  • CVSS 6.5 v3·EPSS 0.2%·Fix available

    Guzzle is an extensible PHP HTTP client. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.0.1, SetCookie::matchesDomain() gives every subdomain of a cookie Domain that cookie unless SetCookie::matchesDomain() recognizes the Domain as an IP literal or a numeric host, and the decision comes from the domain's own text, so two spellings a transport reads as an address keep subdomain scope. Hexadecimal and mixed-base forms such as 0x7f000001 and 0177.0.0.0x1 go unrecognized while libcurl 8.21.0 reads both as 127.0.0.1. A percent-escaped Domain keeps that scope on both branches because percent-decoding sits above numeric parsing, so 192.168.0.%31 and 127.0.0.1%2e are registered names in the URI grammar rather than address literals, and no numeric rule in any base classifies them, while libcurl decodes the host before reso

    Published 2026-08-03

  • CVSS 8.9 v3·EPSS 0.4%·No fix yet

    The terraform-mcp-server before version 1.1.0 is vulnerable to an authorization bypass in the streamable-HTTP stateful transport mode that may allow a user who obtains another user's MCP session ID to have their tool calls executed using that user's Terraform credentials. This vulnerability, CVE-2026-16496, is fixed in terraform-mcp-server 1.1.0.

    Published 2026-07-28

  • CVSS 9.8 v3·EPSS 0.5%·No fix yet

    An issue was discovered in Quest KACE Systems Deployment Appliance (SMA) 11.0.273. Certain API endpoints contain a rate-limiting feature to minimize a brute-force attack. This protection can be bypassed by removing the kboxid cookie.

    Published 2026-07-27

  • CVSS 5.4 v3·EPSS 0.3%·No fix yet

    A flaw was found in the keycloak-services component of Red Hat Build of Keycloak. The issue occurs because OAuth 2.0 authorization codes are not properly bound to the client that originally requested them. An attacker who can intercept an authorization code can modify it to be redeemed by their own client, potentially allowing them to obtain access tokens for a victim's identity.

    Published 2026-07-17

  • CVSS 4.7 v3·EPSS 0.2%·Fix available

    Guzzle is an extensible PHP HTTP client. Prior to 7.12.3, CookieJar did not restrict cookies scoped to IP-address or bare-numeric Domain values to the exact host that set them, because SetCookie::matchesDomain() applied ordinary suffix matching to domains such as 192.168.0.1, [::1], or 1, allowing cross-host cookie disclosure, cookie injection, or session fixation. This issue is fixed in version 7.12.3.

    Published 2026-07-08

  • CVSS 5.6 v3·EPSS 0.4%·No fix yet

    A vulnerability was detected in SourceCodester CET Automated Grading System with AI Predictive Analytics 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing. The manipulation results in session fixiation. The attack can be executed remotely. The attack requires a high level of complexity. The exploitability is assessed as difficult. The exploit is now public and may be used.

    Published 2026-07-03

  • CVSS 7.6 v3·EPSS 0.3%·Fix available

    Session fixation vulnerability in Wikimedia Foundation OAuth. This vulnerability is associated with program files src/Backend/MWOAuthServer.Php. This issue affects OAuth: from * through 1.46.0, 1.45.4, 1.44.6, 1.43.9.

    Published 2026-07-01

  • CVSS 5.4 v3·EPSS 0.3%·No fix yet

    Capgo console.capgo.app/login before 12.128.2 accepts access_token and refresh_token in URL query parameters, automatically authenticating users without confirmation. Attackers can craft malicious links to force victims into attacker-controlled sessions, exposing tokens in browser history and logs.

    Published 2026-06-30

  • CVSS 4.8 v4·EPSS 0.2%·No fix yet

    KTM System e-BOK allows the session identifier to be set by the client prior to authentication. If a cookie with a valid name is set, its value remains unchanged after successful login. This behaviour enables an attacker to fix a session ID for a victim and later hijack the authenticated session. This issue was fixed in the patch published in June 2026.

    Published 2026-06-30

  • CVSS 5.4 v3·EPSS 0.3%·Fix available

    Cacti is an open source performance and fault management framework. Versions 1.2.30 and prior have missing session_regenerate_id() after login, leading to Session Fixation. session_regenerate_id() is NOT called after successful login. The login flow at auth_login.php:203-207 directly sets $_SESSION[SESS_USER_ID] without rotating the session ID. The session cookie configuration is otherwise good (httponly=true, samesite=Strict, secure=true for HTTPS at include/global.php:513-537), but these do not prevent session fixation via same-site vectors. This issue has been fixed in version 1.2.31.

    Published 2026-06-25

  • CVSS 8.8 v3·EPSS 0.5%·Fix available

    The Azure Active Directory (AAD) authentication implementation contained multiple weaknesses in its OAuth 2.0 authorization flow that could allow attackers to bypass important security guarantees provided by the protocol. The application used the PHP session identifier (session_id()) as the OAuth state parameter. Because session identifiers are long-lived authentication credentials, exposing them in OAuth redirect URLs could leak valid session tokens through browser history, HTTP Referer headers, reverse proxies, access logs, or third-party infrastructure involved in the authentication flow. If obtained by an attacker, the leaked session identifier could potentially be used for session hijacking. Additionally, the implementation did not regenerate the session identifier after successfu

    Published 2026-06-22

Free CVE lookup by TridentStack Control, automated patching for Windows, macOS, and Linux fleets. Learn more·Uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog.